Oxytocin receptor gene expression in female rat kidney. The effect of estrogen.

Using in situ hybridization methods that discriminate mRNAs encoding rat vasopressin V1a, V1b, V2 and oxytocin receptors in hepatic, brain and renal tissues, experiments were done to determine whether estrogen and/or progesterone influence renal vasopressin receptor (VR) or oxytocin receptor (OTR) transcripts. Estrogen induced OTR gene expression in the outer stripe of the outer medulla and increased expression of OTRs in macula densa cells. Outer stripe OTR mRNA peaked with 4 days of estrogen treatment, and decreased to undetectable levels with 31 days of treatment of ovariectomized females. Estradiol's induction of outer stripe OTR mRNA expression was blocked by the antiestrogen, tamoxifen, but was not affected by high levels of circulating oxytocin. A role for OTRs in regulating renal function independently of adrenal steroids was suggested by findings that adrenalectomized males showed high levels of OTR transcripts in outer stripe proximal tubule and cortical macula densa cells after 5 and 10 micrograms/100g of estradiol. Consistent with specialized roles for OTRs during female reproduction, OTR transcripts could not be detected in renal tissues of peri-parturient females, at times when OTR mRNA levels were very high in uterus. OTR gene expression in macula densa cells reappeared 4-8 days into lactation and attained control levels by day 20. Physiological experiments showed that estrogen + oxytocin decreased plasma [Na+] levels in ovariectomized rats at a time when proximal tubule OTR expression is maximal. These data are consistent with 1) cell-specific regulation by estrogen of renal OTR gene expression and 2) the possibility that OTRs may be important mediators of steroid-induced alterations in renal fluid and/or solute reabsorption.