Berkowitz G, Brindis C, Clayson Z, Peterson S
Center for Reproductive Health Policy Research, University of California, San Francisco 94109, USA.
J Psychoactive Drugs. 1996 Jan-Mar;28(1):31-8. doi: 10.1080/02791072.1996.10471712.
In recent years imprisonment has been used increasingly for a wide range of nonviolent and petty offenses committed by women. Among incarcerated women, particularly those who are pregnant or parenting, substance use and its deleterious consequences are often exacerbated by imprisonment. Women who have been identified as chemically dependent are also at high risk for losing custody of their children. In California, the Options for Recovery (OFR) treatment program provided an alternative to incarceration or relinquishment of custody of children for chemically dependent pregnant and parenting women. This three-year pilot project offered alcohol and other drug abuse treatment and case management to these women, and included special training and recruitment of foster parents for their children. Findings from a three-year, multimethod evaluation study showed that women who were mandated to OFR treatment programs were more likely to successfully complete treatment than women who had enrolled in OFR voluntarily. An economic analysis of the costs associated with women in OFR compared with the combined costs of incarceration and alcohol and other drug abuse treatment produced a ratio in favor of OFR. Additionally, some innovative service alternatives for women mandated to treatment were developed during the project. The impact of such changes have implications for improving women's and family health.
近年来，监禁越来越多地被用于惩处女性所犯下的一系列非暴力轻罪。在被监禁的女性中，尤其是那些怀孕或育有子女的女性，监禁往往会加剧药物滥用及其有害后果。被认定为有药物依赖问题的女性，失去对其子女监护权的风险也很高。在加利福尼亚州，“康复选择”（OFR）治疗项目为有药物依赖问题的怀孕及育有子女的女性提供了一种替代监禁或放弃子女监护权的选择。这个为期三年的试点项目为这些女性提供酒精和其他药物滥用治疗以及个案管理服务，还包括为她们的子女特别培训和招募寄养父母。一项为期三年的多方法评估研究结果显示，被强制参加OFR治疗项目的女性比自愿参加OFR的女性更有可能成功完成治疗。对OFR项目中女性相关成本与监禁以及酒精和其他药物滥用治疗综合成本的经济分析表明，成本比有利于OFR项目。此外，在该项目期间还为被强制接受治疗的女性开发了一些创新的服务替代方案。这些变化的影响对改善女性和家庭健康具有重要意义。
