Johnson L H, Roberts S L
Department of Nursing, California State University, Long Beach, USA.
Prog Cardiovasc Nurs. 1996 Spring;11(2):19-32.
Events that cause hopelessness following a myocardial infarction may include coronary heart disease, reality-based misperceptions, lack of future goals and lack of relatedness to others. The susceptibility to hopelessness will depend on how successful the patient has been in accepting previous cardiac-related problems. Once hopelessness occurs, the patient may perceive the future to be limited. Hopelessness centers around seven components: physiological, cognitive, temporal, affective, behavioral, affiliative and contextual loss of hope. This article outlines how hopeless patients may distort their immediate environment and future goals. Methods of identifying hopelessness and intervening with appropriate nursing interventions, which will assist with the management of hopelessness, are described.
心肌梗死后导致绝望的事件可能包括冠心病、基于现实的误解、缺乏未来目标以及与他人缺乏联系。对绝望的易感性将取决于患者在接受先前与心脏相关问题方面的成功程度。一旦出现绝望情绪，患者可能会觉得未来有限。绝望围绕七个要素：生理、认知、时间、情感、行为、社交和情境性的希望丧失。本文概述了绝望的患者可能如何歪曲他们当前的环境和未来目标。文中还描述了识别绝望情绪并通过适当的护理干预措施进行干预的方法，这些措施将有助于对绝望情绪的管理。
