Fryauff D J, Shoukry M A, Hanafi H A, Choi Y M, Kamel K E, Schreck C E
Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abassia, Cairo, Egypt.
J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 1996 Mar;12(1):84-90.
The effects of laundering and time of exposure on the insecticidal activity of military uniform fabric impregnated with permethrin at 0.125 mg active ingredient (AI)/cm2 are reported from susceptibility tests with laboratory-reared mosquitoes, Culex pipiens, and sand flies, Phlebotomus papatasi. Knockdown/mortality resulting from exposure of groups of female insects for periods of 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 min was recorded and compared among 5 different treatment/wash groups (untreated/unwashed, treated/unwashed, treated/1-wash, treated/2-wash, treated/3-wash). Laundering was by machine washing with detergent and warm water followed by hot-air machine drying. Post-exposure assessments at intervals from 0 to 60 min and at 24 h showed that knockdown for each exposure time and wash group was initially low but increased steadily during the first hour post-exposure. Sand flies were less sensitive than mosquitoes to knockdown during the first 60 min after contact with treated/unwashed fabric; however, 24-h mortality rates for sand flies were higher as compared with mosquitoes. The permethrin remaining after a 3rd wash had little knockdown effect on mosquitoes but was toxic to sand flies at each of the 5 exposure times. Significant reductions in the knockdown effectiveness of permethrin-treated fabric to mosquitoes and sand flies was associated with single and repeated washings of the fabric.
通过对实验室饲养的蚊虫（致倦库蚊）和白蛉（巴氏白蛉）进行敏感性测试，报告了洗涤和暴露时间对浸渍有0.125毫克活性成分（AI）/平方厘米氯菊酯的军制服织物杀虫活性的影响。记录了每组雌性昆虫暴露1、3、5、7和10分钟后的击倒/死亡率，并在5个不同的处理/洗涤组（未处理/未洗涤、处理/未洗涤、处理/1次洗涤、处理/2次洗涤、处理/3次洗涤）之间进行比较。洗涤方式为用洗涤剂和温水机洗，然后热风烘干。在暴露后0至60分钟以及24小时的间隔时间进行暴露后评估，结果显示，对于每个暴露时间和洗涤组，击倒率最初较低，但在暴露后的第一小时内稳步上升。在接触处理/未洗涤织物后的前60分钟内，白蛉对击倒的敏感性低于蚊虫；然而，与蚊虫相比，白蛉的24小时死亡率更高。第三次洗涤后残留的氯菊酯对蚊虫的击倒作用很小，但在5个暴露时间中的每一个时间对白蛉都有毒性。氯菊酯处理过的织物对蚊虫和白蛉的击倒效果显著降低与织物的单次和重复洗涤有关。
