Rice C D, Kergosien D H, Adams S M
Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State 39762, USA.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 1996 Mar;33(2):186-92. doi: 10.1006/eesa.1996.0024.
Immunotoxicological studies, based on processing of samples in the field and laboratory, were conducted on fish collected from a stream receiving point-source contaminants near its headwaters. Previous studies in this stream have revealed that cytochrome P4501A activity, liver somatic indices, macrophage aggregates, and parasitic liver lesions are significantly elevated in sunfish with the degree of impact decreasing with distance from the contaminant source. Fish collected from each sampling site were equally divided, One group was sacrificed in the field and the spleen and anterior kidney tissues were removed and placed in buffer on ice. The other group was kept in MS-222 for 2 hr and transported to the laboratory for processing. The spleen and anterior kidney from each fish were then prepared as a single cell suspension and shipped overnight to Mississippi State University. Cells were then evaluated for PMA-stimulated phagocyte oxidative burst and non-specific cytotoxic cell (NCC) activity against K562 tumor targets. Oxidative burst responses were dramatically suppressed in both groups at sampling sites near the headwaters but returned to reference levels further downstream. There were no differences between processing strategies at each station. NCC activities did not follow gradient-response patterns observed with phagocyte oxidative burst data and there were inconsistent differences between processing strategies at each site. These data indicate that simple immune function assays, such as phagocyte oxidative burst responses, can be used as a ancillary bioindicator in fish health monitoring and that immune function in these fish can be reliably assessed even if samples are not immediately processed.
基于在野外和实验室对样本的处理，对从源头附近接收点源污染物的溪流中采集的鱼类进行了免疫毒理学研究。此前在这条溪流中的研究表明，太阳鱼体内的细胞色素P4501A活性、肝脏体指数、巨噬细胞聚集体和寄生性肝脏病变显著升高，且影响程度随与污染源距离的增加而降低。从每个采样点采集的鱼被平均分成两组。一组在野外处死后，取出脾脏和前肾组织，置于冰上的缓冲液中。另一组在MS-222中保存2小时，然后运至实验室进行处理。然后将每条鱼的脾脏和前肾制成单细胞悬液，并连夜运往密西西比州立大学。随后评估细胞对PMA刺激的吞噬细胞氧化爆发以及针对K562肿瘤靶标的非特异性细胞毒性细胞（NCC）活性。在源头附近的采样点，两组的氧化爆发反应均受到显著抑制，但在下游更远的地方恢复到参考水平。每个站点的处理策略之间没有差异。NCC活性并未遵循吞噬细胞氧化爆发数据所观察到的梯度反应模式，且每个站点的处理策略之间存在不一致的差异。这些数据表明，诸如吞噬细胞氧化爆发反应等简单的免疫功能检测可作为鱼类健康监测中的辅助生物指标，并且即使样本不立即处理，也能够可靠地评估这些鱼类的免疫功能。
