Jarvis A S, Honeycutt M E, McFarland V A, Bulich A A, Bounds H C
USAE Waterways Experiment Station, CEWES-ES-F, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, USA.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 1996 Mar;33(2):193-200. doi: 10.1006/eesa.1996.0025.
The ability of the Ames assay and of Mutatox to identify the genotoxic potential of dredged sediments was compared. The Ames assay has been used extensively in the testing of environmental contaminants, whereas Mutatox, a new bacterial bioluminescence test, has only recently been used for this purpose. Ten sediments with varying degrees of contamination were soxhlet extracted. Each of the 10 extracts was split with half remaining in a crude form and half cleaned using silica gel chromatography, resulting in 20 extract samples. Both the Ames assay (using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100) and Mutatox were conducted with and without S9 metabolic activation. When metabolically activated, TA98 and TA100 indicated a positive mutagenic response in 80 and 50%, respectively, of the sediment extracts. Without S9 activation, TA98 indicated a positive mutagenic response with half the extracts, whereas only 10% did so with TA100. Mutatox indicated a positive mutagenic response with S9 activation in 75% of the extracts and no mutagenic response in any of the sediment extracts without metabolic activation. In a side-by-side comparison of the Ames assay (TA98 with S9) and Mutatox, 80% of the sediment extracts had similar responses, both positive and negative. Fifty percent of the sediment extracts had similar responses when tested with TA100 and Mutatox in the presence of S9. Mutatox compared reasonably well with the Ames assay but was insensitive to the presence of direct-acting mutagens in the sediments tested. Although Mutatox demonstrates promise as a screening tool to assess sediment genotoxicity, the authors consider it appropriate to use the Ames assay as a confirmation for definitive investigations.
比较了艾姆斯试验（Ames assay）和Mutatox检测疏浚沉积物遗传毒性潜力的能力。艾姆斯试验已广泛用于环境污染物检测，而Mutatox是一种新的细菌生物发光试验，最近才用于此目的。对10种污染程度不同的沉积物进行索氏提取。将10种提取物中的每一种均分成两半，一半保持粗提形式，另一半用硅胶柱色谱法净化，得到20个提取物样品。艾姆斯试验（使用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌TA98和TA100菌株）和Mutatox均在有和无S9代谢活化的情况下进行。当进行代谢活化时，TA98和TA100分别在80%和50%的沉积物提取物中显示出阳性诱变反应。在没有S9活化的情况下，TA98在一半的提取物中显示出阳性诱变反应，而TA100只有10%的提取物如此。Mutatox在75%的提取物中有S9活化时显示出阳性诱变反应，在没有代谢活化的任何沉积物提取物中均无诱变反应。在艾姆斯试验（TA98加S9）和Mutatox的并列比较中，80%的沉积物提取物有相似的反应，包括阳性和阴性。当在S9存在下用TA100和Mutatox进行测试时，50%的沉积物提取物有相似的反应。Mutatox与艾姆斯试验相比相当不错，但对所测试沉积物中直接作用诱变剂的存在不敏感。尽管Mutatox作为评估沉积物遗传毒性的筛选工具显示出前景，但作者认为使用艾姆斯试验作为确定性研究的确认方法是合适的。
