Effects of testosterone and 7 alpha-methyl-19-nortestosterone (MENT) on sexual and aggressive behaviors in two inbred strains of male mice.

Behavioral and endocrine effects of a synthetic androgen, 7 alpha-methyl-19-nortestosterone (MENT), which is not 5 alpha-reduced to dihydrotestosterone, were compared to those of testosterone in two inbred strains of male mice, C57BL/6J and DBA/2J, in two experiments. In the first experiment, seminal vesicle (SV) weights, kidney weights, and circulating steroid levels were examined in castrated mice treated with three doses of testosterone (3.125, 12.5, or 50 micrograms/day) or four doses of MENT (1, 4, 16, or 64 micrograms/day) for 2 weeks to determine the optimal replacement levels of the two androgens for behavioral studies. Both testosterone and MENT dose-dependently increased the SV weights that were greatly reduced, in both strains, by castration. MENT was more effective than testosterone in increasing SV weights, fully restoring them to intact levels in both strains, at the dose of 4 micrograms/day. At the dose of 12.5 micrograms/day, testosterone restored the SV weights completely in C57BL/6J and up to 80% in DBA/2J mice. DBA/2J mice were more sensitive than C57BL/6J mice to both androgens, as measured by kidney weights, although circulating levels of either steroid were very similar between the two strains of mice. In the second experiment, we investigated the effects of testosterone (12.5 micrograms/day) and MENT (4 micrograms/day) on sexual and aggressive behaviors. In each strain, MENT-treated and testosterone-treated mice showed similar numbers of mounts or intromissions. MENT was equally effective as testosterone to fully (C57BL/6J) or partially (DBA/2J) restore sexual behaviors as well as the SV weights to the intact levels. In contrast, MENT-treated mice of both strains were much less aggressive than testosterone-treated mice. In both C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice, testosterone fully restored aggression to the intact levels as measured by aggression latency, number of aggressive bouts, and duration of aggression, whereas aggressive behaviors of the MENT-treated groups were not different from those of the castrated control groups. These results suggest that MENT can restore both male sexual behaviors and reproductive organ weights as effectively as testosterone, at one-third of the testosterone dose, without stimulating male aggressive behaviors.