Peoples R W, Li C, Weight F F
Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-8205, USA.
Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 1996;36:185-201. doi: 10.1146/annurev.pa.36.040196.001153.
There has been a long-standing debate concerning whether alcohols produce their effects in the central nervous system (CNS) by acting on lipids or proteins. Lipid theories postulate that alcohols act via some perturbation of the membrane lipids of CNS neurons, whereas protein theories propose that alcohols act by interacting with a neuronal protein site. Although the primary site of action differs in the two theories, both theories postulate that the CNS effects of alcohols ultimately result from alterations in protein function. This review discusses lipid and protein theories of alcohol action and the evidence supporting these theories. In addition, the effects of alcohols on the function of neurotransmitter-gated ion channels are discussed, as several types of these receptor-ion channels have been found to be sensitive to the actions of alcohols, and recent studies on those actions have yielded new insights into the question of whether the primary action of alcohols involves lipids or proteins.
关于酒精在中枢神经系统（CNS）中发挥作用是通过作用于脂质还是蛋白质，一直存在长期的争论。脂质理论假定酒精通过对CNS神经元的膜脂质产生某种扰动来发挥作用，而蛋白质理论则认为酒精通过与神经元蛋白质位点相互作用来发挥作用。尽管两种理论的主要作用位点不同，但都假定酒精对CNS的影响最终源于蛋白质功能的改变。本综述讨论了酒精作用的脂质和蛋白质理论以及支持这些理论的证据。此外，还讨论了酒精对神经递质门控离子通道功能的影响，因为已发现几种这类受体离子通道对酒精的作用敏感，并且最近关于这些作用的研究为酒精的主要作用涉及脂质还是蛋白质这一问题提供了新的见解。
