Shender B S
Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division Warminster, PA 18974-0591, USA.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1996 May;67(5):414-22.
To determine the feasibility of high-performance supine flight, the USAF Canopy Escape Module (65 degree seat-back-angle) was modified and deployed into the Naval Air Warfare Center Dynamic Flight Simulator.
Seven male subjects performed a flight syllabus consisting of instrument flight maneuvers (high-G level turns, ILS task, vertical S-2, Half Cuban Eight). Subjects were trained and performed under both 1 g (static) and dynamic conditions in supine and upright postures. Data were assessed to determine the effects of motion (G) and seat position. A weighted objective performance grading scheme was devised based on the ability to achieve specified flight parameters.
This paper presents the analysis of the first two tasks. During the turns, motion effects did not effect the ability to maintain specified G loads when supine, whereas there were significant differences when upright. Also, there were lower error rates under static, as compared to dynamic, conditions. Even though subjects demonstrated lower error rates during dynamic turns when upright, there were few significant differences referable to body position. Overall, subjects with the most flight experience performed better upright than supinated, while a naive subject flew significantly better supine. Notably, one subject did experience a G-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC) and an almost LOC event during a supinated high-G turn. Body position or motion effects did not significantly alter ILS task performance.
High performance supine flight is feasible and additional study is warranted. Important and unanticipated performance-related decrements were discovered only through the use of dynamic flight simulation.
为确定高性能仰卧飞行的可行性，美国空军座舱逃生模块（座椅靠背角度为65度）进行了改装，并部署到海军航空作战中心动态飞行模拟器中。
七名男性受试者执行了包括仪表飞行机动动作（高过载水平转弯、仪表着陆系统任务、垂直S-2、半古巴八字形）的飞行大纲。受试者在1g（静态）和动态条件下，以仰卧和直立姿势接受训练并进行操作。对数据进行评估，以确定运动（过载）和座椅位置的影响。基于实现特定飞行参数的能力，设计了一种加权客观性能评分方案。
本文介绍了对前两项任务的分析。在转弯过程中，仰卧时运动效应不会影响保持指定过载负荷的能力，而直立时则存在显著差异。此外，与动态条件相比，静态条件下的错误率更低。尽管受试者在直立状态下进行动态转弯时错误率较低，但与身体位置相关的显著差异较少。总体而言，飞行经验最丰富的受试者直立时的表现优于仰卧时，而一名新手受试者仰卧时的飞行表现明显更好。值得注意的是，一名受试者在仰卧高过载转弯过程中确实经历了一次由过载导致的意识丧失（G-LOC）和一次几乎意识丧失的事件。身体位置或运动效应并未显著改变仪表着陆系统任务的表现。
高性能仰卧飞行是可行的，有必要进行进一步研究。重要且意外的与性能相关的下降情况仅通过动态飞行模拟才被发现。
