Schacter D L, Koutstaal W, Norman K A
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 1996 Apr;6(2):207-14. doi: 10.1016/s0959-4388(96)80074-2.
Recent findings from cognitive neuroscience and cognitive psychology may help explain why recovered memories of trauma are sometimes illusory. In particular, the notion of defective source monitoring has been used to explain a wide range of recently established memory distortions and illusions. Conversely, the results of a number of studies may potentially be relevant to forgetting and recovery of accurate memories, including studies demonstrating reduced hippocampal volume in survivors of sexual abuse, and recovery from functional and organic retrograde amnesia. Other recent findings of interest include the possibility that state-dependent memory could be induced by stress-related hormones, new pharmacological models of dissociative states, and evidence for 'repression' in patients with right parietal brain damage.
认知神经科学和认知心理学的最新研究结果或许有助于解释为何创伤恢复记忆有时是虚幻的。尤其是,源监控缺陷的概念已被用于解释一系列近期发现的记忆扭曲和错觉。相反,一些研究结果可能与准确记忆的遗忘和恢复潜在相关,包括那些表明遭受性虐待幸存者海马体体积减小以及从功能性和器质性逆行性遗忘中恢复的研究。其他近期有趣的发现包括与压力相关的激素可能诱发状态依存性记忆的可能性、分离状态的新药理学模型以及右顶叶脑损伤患者存在“压抑”现象的证据。