Thomsen O O, Riis P
Dept. of Medical Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl. 1996;216:208-17. doi: 10.3109/00365529609094575.
A quarter of a century ago ethics was an esoteric term, known to theologians and philosophers, but unknown as a discipline to the majority of doctors. Since then, however, ethics has become a substantial part of clinical medicine and health research. Ethics as an area of interest for Danish gastroenterologists appeared from several foci in the early days. One angle was an almost revival-like interest in research methodology and its ethical dimensions. Other angles were derived from Danish gastroenterologists' experiences transferred from other disciplines before the birth of Danish gastroenterology. From the time of these early incentives Danish gastroenterologists have constituted a platform for the implementation of the basic principles, lying behind medical ethics, now in collaboration with other parts of the medical profession. The topics are reflected in a number of publications and in the various practical diversions. An interest in information of patients appeared at an early stage. Publication ethics as a subdiscipline involved Danish gastroenterologists and has led to contributions within the framework of the International Group of Medical Journal Editors. Research ethics, a central topic throughout all years, has led to such important initiatives as the Second Helsinki Declaration and the establishment of a national control system for medical research in man. A further ramification of ethics is scientific dishonesty and good clinical practice. Here a recent initiative has led to the establishment of a national Committee on Scientific Dishonesty. Under the auspices of the OMGE (Organisation Mondiale de Gastroentérologie) Danish gastroenterologists have investigated transnational and transcultural differences in gastroenterologists' attitudes to information of patients and relatives and have unmasked considerable and important differences throughout the world. Medical ethics has, together with scientific methodology, to some extent reunited the sub-specialized fragments of the mother disciplines medicine and surgery and in this way has acted as partes pro toto.
25年前，伦理学还是一个深奥的术语，只有神学家和哲学家知晓，而大多数医生对其作为一门学科并不了解。然而，从那时起，伦理学已成为临床医学和健康研究的重要组成部分。丹麦胃肠病学家对伦理学的关注最初源于几个方面。一方面是对研究方法及其伦理维度近乎复兴般的兴趣。其他方面则源于丹麦胃肠病学诞生之前，丹麦胃肠病学家从其他学科借鉴的经验。从这些早期的动机出现之时起，丹麦胃肠病学家就构建了一个平台，用于落实医学伦理背后的基本原则，如今与医学专业的其他领域合作开展。这些主题反映在众多出版物以及各种实际活动中。对患者信息的关注在早期就已出现。作为一个子学科的出版伦理涉及丹麦胃肠病学家，并促使他们在国际医学期刊编辑小组的框架内做出贡献。研究伦理作为贯穿始终的核心主题，催生了诸如《第二次赫尔辛基宣言》以及建立人体医学研究国家监管体系等重要举措。伦理学的进一步分支是科研不端行为和良好临床实践。最近的一项举措促成了国家科研不端行为委员会的成立。在世界胃肠病组织（OMGE）的支持下，丹麦胃肠病学家调查了胃肠病学家在向患者及亲属提供信息方面的跨国和跨文化差异，并揭示了全球范围内存在的相当大且重要的差异。医学伦理学与科学方法一起，在一定程度上重新整合了母学科医学和外科的细分领域，从而起到了整体代表部分的作用。
