Battle R S, Cummings G L, Yamada K A, Krasnovsky F M
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
AIDS Educ Prev. 1996 Apr;8(2):165-75.
HIV testing patterns were examined among low-income African Americans who were mothers of young school-age children. In-person interviews were conducted to determine whether African-American women had been tested for HIV; their sexual behaviors, including the number of sexual partners and condom use; and health care access and utilization. Forty-one percent of the women had been tested for HIV; 18 percent tested more than once. Levels of education, source of primary health care, and type of insurance were not associated with HIV testing. The total number of sexual partners for their current lifetime and within the past five years was significantly associated with their HIV testing status (chi 2 = 39.97; DF = 3; p < .01 and chi 2 = 66.68; DF = 3; p < .01 respectively). Women who have used condoms during their last intercourse (20%) were less likely to have been tested than women who did not use a condom (50%) (p < .01). Results suggest that low-income African-American women get tested for HIV. This suggests that these women understand the concept of risk and how certain behaviors may place them at risk. However, these women still confront conditions that place them at risk, such as having sex with multiple partners and/or partners with a history of incarceration, in addition to drug use. HIV testing may not serve as the most effective intervention for this sub-population of women. Educational and preventive measures should extend to women outside traditional high-risk populations by incorporating methods to promote protective behavioral changes which will empower women with self-esteem and confidence.
对那些身为低龄学童母亲的低收入非裔美国女性的艾滋病毒检测模式进行了研究。通过面对面访谈来确定非裔美国女性是否接受过艾滋病毒检测；她们的性行为，包括性伴侣数量和避孕套使用情况；以及医疗保健的可及性和利用率。41%的女性接受过艾滋病毒检测；18%的女性接受过不止一次检测。教育水平、初级医疗保健来源和保险类型与艾滋病毒检测无关。她们目前一生中以及过去五年内的性伴侣总数与她们的艾滋病毒检测状况显著相关（卡方值分别为39.97；自由度为3；p < 0.01和卡方值为66.68；自由度为3；p < 0.01）。在最近一次性交中使用过避孕套的女性（20%）接受检测的可能性低于未使用避孕套的女性（50%）（p < 0.01）。结果表明低收入非裔美国女性会接受艾滋病毒检测。这表明这些女性理解风险概念以及某些行为如何使她们面临风险。然而，除了吸毒之外，这些女性仍然面临使她们处于风险中的状况，比如与多个性伴侣发生性行为和/或与有监禁史的伴侣发生性行为。艾滋病毒检测可能并非对这一女性亚群体最有效的干预措施。教育和预防措施应通过纳入促进保护性行为改变的方法，将范围扩大到传统高风险人群之外的女性，这些方法将赋予女性自尊和自信。
