Machining operations and associated machining fluid exposures: issues for health and safety intervention in manufacturing.

The outline for a workshop discussion of intervention research in manufacturing industry is presented. The example used is the control of machining fluid exposures, a widespread exposure that is associated with risk of cancer, pulmonary disease, dermatitis, and several types of accident-related injuries. Relevant technical considerations for conducting intervention research include the selection of machining fluid for different machining purposes, the management of fluids in use, and the selection and maintenance of environmental controls. Equally important are nontechnical considerations including the need for creating labor-management health and safety committees, the use of administrative rules on job performance for both workers and management, and training on the role of individuals from either group in exposure control. Clarity concerning the objectives for an intervention study and plans for clear means to evaluate study outcomes is critical. Important study variables will include site selection, plant size, plant demographics, the involvement of workers in the study, a willing management, and concern for susceptible workers.