Collins J W, Owen B D
Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505-2845, USA.
Am J Ind Med. 1996 Apr;29(4):421-4. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199604)29:4<421::AID-AJIM30>3.0.CO;2-1.
Over the past 100 years, advances in nutrition, modern medicine, public health, and a multitude of public health improvements have increased the life expectancy of U.S. residents. The fact that Americans are living longer has resulted in extensive growth in our elderly population and a rapid employment growth that delivered about 2 million new jobs between 1980 and 1989 in the health care workforce. The Bureau of Labor Statistics Injury and Illness Data for nursing homes rose from 10.7 to 18.6 injuries or illnesses per 100 full-time workers between 1980 and 1992. The injury and illness rates among nursing home workers are partly due to the physical stress of providing round-the-clock assistance with the basic activities of daily living, such as getting in and out of a bed or chair, as well as bathing and toileting. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is conducting a series of research studies to identify strategies to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal injuries to workers in nursing homes. NIOSH has funded two laboratory evaluations of resident transferring methods and one field study in an actual nursing home. The purpose of this paper is to describe the key findings from past NIOSH research initiatives and to present an overview of future research.
在过去的100年里，营养、现代医学、公共卫生领域的进步以及众多公共卫生方面的改善提高了美国居民的预期寿命。美国人寿命延长这一事实导致我国老年人口大量增加，以及就业迅速增长，在1980年至1989年期间医疗保健行业新增了约200万个工作岗位。劳工统计局的数据显示，1980年至1992年间，疗养院每100名全职工人的受伤和患病数据从10.7起升至18.6起。疗养院工作人员的受伤和患病率部分归因于为日常生活基本活动提供全天候协助所带来的身体压力，比如上下床或椅子、洗澡和如厕等。美国国家职业安全与健康研究所（NIOSH）正在开展一系列研究，以确定降低疗养院工作人员肌肉骨骼损伤风险的策略。NIOSH资助了两项关于居民转移方法的实验室评估以及一项在实际疗养院进行的实地研究。本文的目的是描述NIOSH过去研究项目的主要发现，并概述未来的研究情况。
