Bagley D H, Liu J B, Goldberg B
Department of Urology, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
J Endourol. 1996 Apr;10(2):105-10. doi: 10.1089/end.1996.10.105.
Endoluminal ultrasound imaging of the ureter can demonstrate the periureteral anatomy. Ultrasound probes are available as catheters from 3.5F to 6.2F. The transducer is available as a 12.5 or 20 MHz design and gives a cross-sectional image with penetration of 1.5 to 2 cm. Endoureteral ultrasonography has demonstrated blood vessels associated with the obstructed ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) in more than 50% of patients. These vessels have been located at all sites adjacent to the UPJ. The anteromedial location is the most common site. In comparison, only 8 significant crossing vessels were found in 44 patients with a normal UPJ. Inspection of the UPJ with a high insertion of the ureter demonstrates a characteristic sonographic image with a septum between the ureteral and renal pelvic lumen. Endoluminal ultrasonography of the obstructed UPJ can be used to guide the site of endopyelotomy to avoid damage to adjacent vessels. The presence of such vessels may also be related to the success of the procedure. An ultrasound-guided cutting device has been developed for preclinical studies.
输尿管腔内超声成像可显示输尿管周围的解剖结构。超声探头有3.5F至6.2F的导管形式。换能器有12.5兆赫或20兆赫的设计，能提供穿透深度为1.5至2厘米的横截面图像。输尿管内超声检查显示，超过50%的患者存在与梗阻性肾盂输尿管连接处（UPJ）相关的血管。这些血管位于UPJ周围的所有部位。最常见的部位是前内侧。相比之下，在44例UPJ正常的患者中，仅发现8条重要的交叉血管。对输尿管高位插入处的UPJ进行检查，可显示出一种特征性的超声图像，输尿管和肾盂腔之间有一个隔膜。梗阻性UPJ的腔内超声检查可用于指导肾盂切开术的部位，以避免损伤相邻血管。这些血管的存在也可能与手术的成功有关。一种超声引导切割装置已被开发用于临床前研究。
