Thomas B S
College of Nursing, University of Iowa. Iowa City 52242, USA.
J Addict Dis. 1996;15(1):33-52. doi: 10.1300/J069v15n01_03.
Gender differences in the ways a risk factor approach explains onset of using alcohol, tobacco and other drugs (ATOD), reported use of ATOD and adverse consequences from ATOD use were investigated by means of separate path analyses for male and female adolescents. A fully recursive model was specified in which alienation, trait anger, interaction anxiety and cognitive motivation for ATOD use comprised the first column variables which were used to predict earliness of onset. For the second step, column one variables plus onset were used to predict ATOD use. In the final step, column one variables plus onset and ATOD use were used to predict adverse consequences of ATOD use. An ex post facto design was used in surveying 796 high school students in a single Midwestern community. The data from this sample supported the predictive validity of the theoretical model. In addition to the expected indirect or mediated effects of the risk factors via onset of ATOD use on ATOD use and via onset and ATOD use on adverse consequences of ATOD use, there were direct effects of column on risk factors on both ATOD use and on adverse consequences of ATOD use for both males and females, lending support to the concept of multiple pathway risk factors. The three gender differences that emerged in the separate path analyses were entirely consistent with the gendered deviance model.
通过对男性和女性青少年进行单独的路径分析，研究了风险因素方法在解释酒精、烟草和其他药物（ATOD）使用的起始、报告的ATOD使用情况以及ATOD使用的不良后果方面的性别差异。指定了一个完全递归模型，其中疏离感、特质愤怒、互动焦虑和ATOD使用的认知动机构成了第一列变量，用于预测起始的早发性。在第二步中，第一列变量加上起始情况用于预测ATOD使用情况。在最后一步中，第一列变量加上起始情况和ATOD使用情况用于预测ATOD使用的不良后果。采用事后设计对中西部一个社区的796名高中生进行了调查。该样本的数据支持了理论模型的预测效度。除了风险因素通过ATOD使用的起始对ATOD使用以及通过起始和ATOD使用对ATOD使用的不良后果产生预期的间接或中介效应外，第一列风险因素对男性和女性的ATOD使用以及ATOD使用的不良后果都有直接效应，这支持了多途径风险因素的概念。在单独的路径分析中出现的三个性别差异与性别偏差模型完全一致。
