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哈维·弗莱彻在通信声学创建过程中的作用。

Harvey Fletcher's role in the creation of communication acoustics.

作者信息

Allen J B

机构信息

Acoustics Research Department, AT&T Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974, USA.

出版信息

J Acoust Soc Am. 1996 Apr;99(4 Pt 1):1825-39. doi: 10.1121/1.415364.

Abstract

As the reader might appreciate after reading Fletcher's 1953 views, in 1918 Fletcher had taken on the toughest problem of all: to quantify and model how we hear and understand speech. This understanding allowed AT&T Bell Labs engineers to develop the necessary specifications of what was to become the largest telephone network in the world. The problems that Fletcher and his colleagues studied were so complicated, and took so many years, that it has been difficult to appreciate the magnitude of their accomplishments. It is therefore understandable why his work has had such a great impact on our lives. Almost single-handedly he created the fields of communication acoustics and speech and hearing as we know them today. Everyone who has ever used the telephone has reaped the benefit provided by this man and his genius. von Békésy, Davis, Stevens, and Zwicker are some of the names that come to mind when we think of hearing. Bell invented the telephone, and Edison made it into a practical device. Harvey Fletcher may not be as well known as these men today, but his scientific contributions to the fields of telephony, hearing, and human communication are absolutely unsurpassed. Given this present opportunity to reflect back on this great man, I would describe Harvey Fletcher as the singular intellectual force in the development of present-day communication acoustics and telephony.

摘要

读过弗莱彻1953年的观点后,读者可能会意识到,1918年时弗莱彻就已着手解决最棘手的问题:对我们如何聆听和理解言语进行量化并建立模型。这种理解使美国电话电报公司贝尔实验室的工程师得以制定出必要的规格,而这些规格后来成就了世界上最大的电话网络。弗莱彻及其同事研究的问题极为复杂,耗时多年,以至于人们很难领会他们成就的重大意义。因此,他的工作对我们的生活产生了如此巨大的影响也就不难理解了。几乎是单枪匹马,他开创了我们如今所知的通信声学以及语音与听力领域。每个使用过电话的人都受益于这个人及其天赋。当我们想到听力时,脑海中浮现的名字有冯·贝凯西、戴维斯、史蒂文斯和茨维克。贝尔发明了电话,爱迪生将其变成了实用的设备。如今,哈维·弗莱彻可能不像这些人那么广为人知,但他在电话技术、听力以及人类通信领域的科学贡献绝对是无与伦比的。鉴于现在有机会回顾这位伟人,我会将哈维·弗莱彻描述为当今通信声学和电话技术发展中独一无二的智力力量。

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