Nielsen J
Department of Occupational Medicine, National Institute of Occupational Health, Denmark.
Contact Dermatitis. 1996 Apr;34(4):284-91. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02201.x.
Skin symptoms on the hands were studied in questionnaire-based studies conducted in 1989 and 1991 among female cleaners employed at Danish nursing homes, schools and offices. A total of 1166 participated in 1989, and 1011 of them participated in 1991. The average age was 45 years and the average of seniority was 10 years. 1/5 of the cleaners reported problems with cleaning agents. A total of 81% had wet hands more than 1/4 of their working hours. A total of 43% reported having at least 1 out of 4 skin symptoms during a 1-year period. Among them, 70% reported improvement during weekends and holidays. A positive correlation was found between hours per week spent with wet hands and skin symptoms. During the 2-year follow-up period, the risk of developing skin symptoms was higher in the group that remained cleaners than in the group that left their cleaning jobs. Accordingly, the prognosis was better in the group that left their cleaning jobs compared to the group that remained cleaners. Retirement occurred more often among cleaners with skin symptoms than among the others. There is a future need to develop and implement new work organisation and cleaning methods to reduce the time spent with wet hands.
1989年和1991年，在丹麦养老院、学校和办公室工作的女性清洁人员中开展了基于问卷调查的研究，对她们手部的皮肤症状进行了研究。1989年共有1166人参与，其中1011人在1991年继续参与。平均年龄为45岁，平均工龄为10年。五分之一的清洁人员报告了清洁剂相关问题。共有81%的人在超过四分之一的工作时间内双手处于潮湿状态。共有43%的人报告在一年期间出现过四种皮肤症状中的至少一种。其中，70%的人报告在周末和节假日症状有所改善。每周双手处于潮湿状态的时长与皮肤症状之间存在正相关。在为期两年的随访期内，仍从事清洁工作的人群出现皮肤症状的风险高于离职的人群。因此，与仍从事清洁工作的人群相比，离职人群的预后更好。有皮肤症状的清洁人员比其他人更常退休。未来需要开发并实施新的工作组织方式和清洁方法，以减少双手处于潮湿状态的时间。
