Pajarinen J, Karhunen P J, Savolainen V, Lalu K, Penttilä A, Laippala P
Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1996 Apr;20(2):332-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1996.tb01648.x.
Environmental factors are suspected to be responsible in part for the deterioration in semen quality observed worldwide during the recent few decades. Alcohol might be one factor, considering the frequent changes in testicular function associated with heavy drinking. The dose-dependent effects of alcohol on human spermatogenesis are, however, not well known. We analyzed spermatogenesis and testicular tissue morphology of 195 men, aged 35-69 years, with computer-assisted microscopy in this autopsy study. The men were categorized into controls and four "consumption groups" according to the average daily alcohol consumption, which was determined on the basis of blind interviews with relatives and acquaintances. When the average daily alcohol consumption was 40 g or less, 59 (66%) of the 90 men showed normal spermatogenesis, whereas 31 (34%) had partial spermatogenic arrest (SA). Of the 31 men with average daily intake between 40 and 80 g, 17 (54%) showed normal spermatogenesis, 13 (42%) had partial or complete SA, and 1 man exhibited more severe testicular damage-"Sertoli cell only" (SCO) syndrome. Among men with daily intake between 80 and 160 g, only 13 of 35 men showed normal spermatogenesis (37%), 19 (54%) had partial or complete SA (odds ratio = 2.92), and 3 (9%) had the SCO syndrome (odds ratio = 16.85). The frequencies of spermatogenic disorders were similar in men drinking in excess of 160 g. Both SA and the SCO syndrome showed a clear dependence on daily dose; p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0004, respectively. We conclude that long-term average daily consumption of < 40 g of alcohol seems not to be associated with disorders of spermatogenesis. Consumption of moderate amounts of alcohol may affect semen quality more often than previously thought, whereas high alcohol consumption may even be associated with serious disorders of spermatogenesis.
环境因素被怀疑是近几十年来全球范围内观察到的精液质量下降的部分原因。考虑到大量饮酒会频繁导致睾丸功能变化，酒精可能是其中一个因素。然而，酒精对人类精子发生的剂量依赖性影响尚不清楚。在这项尸检研究中，我们用计算机辅助显微镜分析了195名年龄在35至69岁之间男性的精子发生和睾丸组织形态。根据对亲属和熟人的盲法访谈确定的平均每日酒精摄入量，将这些男性分为对照组和四个“饮酒组”。当平均每日酒精摄入量为40克或更少时，90名男性中有59名（66%）精子发生正常，而31名（34%）有部分精子发生停滞（SA）。在平均每日摄入量在40至80克之间的31名男性中，17名（5）精子发生正常，13名（42%）有部分或完全SA，1名男性表现出更严重的睾丸损伤——“仅支持细胞”（SCO）综合征。在每日摄入量在80至160克之间的男性中，35名男性中只有13名（37%）精子发生正常，19名（54%）有部分或完全SA（优势比=2.92），3名（9%）有SCO综合征（优势比=16.85）。饮酒超过160克的男性中精子发生障碍的频率相似。SA和SCO综合征都表现出对每日剂量的明显依赖性；p分别<0.0001和p<0.0004。我们得出结论，长期平均每日饮酒量<40克似乎与精子发生障碍无关。适度饮酒可能比以前认为的更常影响精液质量，而大量饮酒甚至可能与严重的精子发生障碍有关。
