Shuval J T, Bernstein J
Programme in the Sociology of Health, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
Soc Sci Med. 1996 Apr;42(7):965-74. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(95)00202-2.
The paper examines professional commitment among physicians who immigrated to Israel form the former Soviet Union during the early 1990s. This population faces severe limits regarding occupational continuity because of the highly saturated market in which non-negligible groups will, in the long run, of necessity undergo occupational change. The theoretical background for the analysis is drawn from the literature regarding recent changes in professional roles with particular reference to the shifting meaning of work in post-modern societies and its consequences for occupational commitment. The professional context of medical practice in the former Soviet Union and the social and economic constraints of Israeli society in the 1990s set the scene for the analysis. Several dimensions of professional commitment are examined empirically, on the assumption that there are a variety of ways to consider the notion of commitment and that no one measure tells a complete story. Prolonged processes of deprofessionalization of medicine in the Soviet Union, suggest that medicine for most immigrant physicians is not so much a 'calling' to which they are devoted; rather it is a necessary means to gain a livelihood, the only occupation for which they have been trained for many years after stringent selection to medical school and the only job in which they have worked consistently since completing their formal training. Two and a half years after arrival in Israel the immigrant doctors are characterized by a short-range time perspective which makes them unwilling to accept the constraints of the saturated market; intense efforts are made by most to obtain a license despite the fact that only a fraction of them will be able to work in their profession on a regular basis. Despite this over-riding reality, many hope that they will be among the selected few who will be able to obtain a medical post.
本文考察了20世纪90年代初从苏联移民到以色列的医生的职业承诺。由于市场高度饱和，从长远来看，不可忽视的群体必然会经历职业变动，这一群体在职业连续性上面临着严峻的限制。分析的理论背景来自于关于职业角色近期变化的文献，特别提及后现代社会中工作意义的转变及其对职业承诺的影响。苏联医疗实践的职业背景以及20世纪90年代以色列社会的社会和经济限制为分析奠定了基础。在假设存在多种方式来考量承诺概念且没有一种衡量方法能完整说明情况的前提下，对职业承诺的几个维度进行了实证研究。苏联长期的医学去专业化进程表明，对大多数移民医生来说，医学与其说是他们所热爱的“使命”；不如说是谋生的必要手段，是他们在经过严格选拔进入医学院多年培训后所从事的唯一职业，也是他们完成正规培训后一直从事的唯一工作。抵达以色列两年半后，移民医生的特点是目光短浅，这使他们不愿接受饱和市场的限制；尽管只有一小部分人能够定期从事本专业工作，但大多数人仍竭尽全力获取行医执照。尽管存在这一压倒一切的现实情况，但许多人希望自己能成为少数获得医疗岗位的人之一。
