Nader K, van der Kooy D
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Toronto, Canada. K.
Behav Neurosci. 1996 Apr;110(2):389-400. doi: 10.1037//0735-7044.110.2.389.
The researchers asked whether clonidine, an alpha 2-noradrenergic agonist, would block selectively the motivational effects of opiate withdrawal and whether clonidine's effects would respect the boundary between nondeprived and deprived motivational states. In a place conditioning paradigm, clonidine (0.05 mg/kg ip) blocked the rewarding effects of morphine in opiate-withdrawn rats (as well as the aversive properties of withdrawal itself), but did not affect morphine place preferences (2 and 20 mg/kg) in drug-naive rats. Furthermore, clonidine blocked the acquisition of morphine (15 mg/kg), but not LiCl (15 mg/kg), conditioned taste aversions in water-deprived rats. The results suggest that the motivational system activated in deprived animals includes dopaminergic and noradrenergic components that are in series with each other.
研究人员询问，α2-去甲肾上腺素能激动剂可乐定是否会选择性地阻断阿片类药物戒断的动机效应，以及可乐定的效应是否会遵循非剥夺和剥夺动机状态之间的界限。在一个位置条件反射范式中，可乐定（0.05毫克/千克，腹腔注射）阻断了阿片类药物戒断大鼠中吗啡的奖赏效应（以及戒断本身的厌恶特性），但不影响未接触过药物的大鼠对吗啡（2和20毫克/千克）的位置偏好。此外，可乐定阻断了缺水大鼠对吗啡（15毫克/千克）条件性味觉厌恶的形成，但不影响对氯化锂（15毫克/千克）条件性味觉厌恶的形成。结果表明，在被剥夺动物中激活的动机系统包括相互串联的多巴胺能和去甲肾上腺素能成分。
