Conte H R, Plutchik R, Picard S, Buck L, Karasu T B
Department of Psychiatry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
Compr Psychiatry. 1996 May-Jun;37(3):157-66. doi: 10.1016/s0010-440x(96)90032-2.
A retrospective questionnaire study investigated gender differences in the relations between the self-reported self-esteem of 155 psychiatric adult outpatients and their recalled experience of their parents' behavior toward them as children. There were no significant sex differences in degree of self-esteem. However, it had a higher correlation to parenting variables for the men than for the women, with maternal predictor variables accounting for 36% and paternal predictors accounting for 32% of the variance in the men's self-esteem. Neither combined maternal nor combined paternal variables were significant predictors for women. For men, parental acceptance/ autonomy was significantly and positively related and inconsistency negatively related to self-esteem. Paternal rejection but not maternal rejection was significantly associated with low self-esteem only for the women. The greater amount of variance explained by childrearing variables in the men's self-esteem scores was attributed to the earlier ego development and consequent increased individuation in women.
一项回顾性问卷调查研究，调查了155名成年精神科门诊患者自我报告的自尊与他们回忆起的童年时期父母对他们行为的经历之间关系的性别差异。自尊程度上没有显著的性别差异。然而，男性的自尊与养育变量的相关性高于女性，母亲的预测变量占男性自尊方差的36%，父亲的预测变量占32%。母亲或父亲的综合变量都不是女性自尊的显著预测因素。对于男性，父母的接纳/自主性与自尊显著正相关，不一致性与自尊负相关。只有女性中，父亲的拒绝而非母亲的拒绝与低自尊显著相关。养育变量在男性自尊得分中解释的方差量更大，这归因于女性更早的自我发展和随之而来的更强的个性化。
