Fanciullo J J, Bell C L
University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison 53792-3244, USA.
Curr Opin Rheumatol. 1996 Mar;8(2):158-62. doi: 10.1097/00002281-199603000-00012.
Stress fractures of the lower extremity and sacrum occur in a variety of patients, ranging from young, healthy athletes to elderly persons with underlying illnesses. Knowledge of the activities and risk factors associated with these fractures may heighten clinical suspicion and help direct an appropriate evaluation. Diagnosis is usually based on characteristic features of the history and physical examination accompanied by radiologic findings. Bone scintigraphy remains the standard, but the specificity of computed tomography scanning or magnetic resonance imaging may be required to differentiate stress fractures from other processes such as malignant bone lesions. Management of stress fractures is usually conservative, with variation depending on fracture location and patient characteristics.
下肢和骶骨应力性骨折发生于各类患者，从年轻健康的运动员到患有基础疾病的老年人。了解与这些骨折相关的活动及风险因素，可能会提高临床怀疑指数，并有助于指导进行恰当的评估。诊断通常基于病史和体格检查的特征性表现以及影像学检查结果。骨闪烁扫描仍是标准检查方法，但可能需要计算机断层扫描或磁共振成像的特异性表现，以将应力性骨折与其他病变（如恶性骨病变）区分开来。应力性骨折的治疗通常是保守治疗，具体治疗方式会因骨折部位和患者特征而有所不同。
