Orthopaedics Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Clin Sports Med. 2012 Apr;31(2):291-306. doi: 10.1016/j.csm.2011.09.012.
Stress fractures are a relatively common entity in athletes, in particular, runners. Physicians and health care providers should maintain a high index of suspicion for stress fractures in runners presenting with insidious onset of focal bone tenderness associated with recent changes in training intensity or regimen. It is particularly important to recognize “high-risk” fractures, as these are associated with an increased risk of complication. A patient with confirmed radiographic evidence of a high-risk stress fracture should be evaluated by an orthopedic surgeon. Runners may benefit from orthotics, cushioned sneakers, interval training, and vitamin/calcium supplementation as a means of stress fracture prevention.
应力性骨折在运动员中较为常见，尤其是跑步者。医生和医疗保健提供者在遇到与近期训练强度或方案改变相关的隐匿性局部骨压痛的跑步者时，应保持对应力性骨折的高度怀疑。特别重要的是要识别“高危”骨折，因为这些骨折与并发症风险增加有关。对于经影像学证实存在高危应力性骨折的患者，应由矫形外科医生进行评估。矫形器、气垫运动鞋、间歇训练和维生素/钙补充剂可能有助于预防应力性骨折。
