Kelly K J, Van Vlaenderen H
Department of Psychology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa.
Soc Sci Med. 1996 May;42(9):1235-46. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(95)00218-9.
Although the term 'participation' is widely used in discussing community development strategies, there has been relatively little said about the characteristics of 'participatory relationships', i.e. the interactions between community developers and those who stand to benefit from community development initiatives. There is seen to be a need for case studies which attempt to understand the relational and communicative processes involved in participatory development. The paper presents an analysis of the participatory dynamics of a community health development project. The principal source of data is interviews conducted with thirteen selected participants in the project. Analysis of interview data using a structured hermeneutic method led to a description of the meaning of participation for each of the participants interviewed. Further interpretation led to the identification of a number of modes of participation in the project as a whole. For each mode of participation descriptions were developed of how it was perceived by others not participating from that mode. An attempt was made to understand the dynamics of the project in terms of the relationship between the different modes of participation and in terms of the discrepancies between how participants saw themselves and how others saw them. Finally, these problems were discussed at a general theoretical level and suggestions were made about how such problems might be alleviated.
尽管“参与”一词在讨论社区发展战略时被广泛使用，但关于“参与式关系”的特征，即社区开发者与那些有望从社区发展倡议中受益的人之间的互动，却鲜有论述。人们认为有必要进行案例研究，以试图理解参与式发展中所涉及的关系和沟通流程。本文对一个社区健康发展项目的参与动态进行了分析。数据的主要来源是对该项目中13名选定参与者进行的访谈。使用结构化诠释学方法对访谈数据进行分析，得出了对每位受访参与者而言参与的意义的描述。进一步的诠释导致识别出了整个项目中的多种参与模式。对于每种参与模式，都描述了未以该模式参与的其他人对其的看法。试图从不同参与模式之间的关系以及参与者对自己的看法与他人对他们的看法之间的差异方面来理解该项目的动态。最后，在一般理论层面讨论了这些问题，并就如何缓解此类问题提出了建议。
