Sulter A M, Schutte H K, Miller D G
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Groningen, The Netherlands.
J Voice. 1996 Jun;10(2):175-89. doi: 10.1016/s0892-1997(96)80045-2.
To determine the influence of the factors gender, vocal training, sound intensity, pitch, and aging on vocal function, videolaryngostroboscopic images of 214 subjects, subdivided according to gender and status of vocal training, were evaluated by three judges with standardized rating scales, comprising aspects of laryngeal appearance (larynx/pharynx ratio; epiglottal shape; asymmetry arytenoid region; compensatory adjustments; thickness, width, length, and elasticity of vocal folds) and glottal functioning (amplitudes of excursion; duration, percentage, and type of vocal fold closure; phase differences; location of glottal chink). The video registrations were made while the subjects performed a set of phonatory tasks, comprising the utterance of the vowel /i/ at three levels of both fundamental frequency and sound intensity. Analysis of the rating scales showed generally sufficient agreement among judges. With the exception of more frequently observed complete closure and lateral phase differences of vocal fold excursions in trained subjects, no further differences were established between untrained and trained subjects. With an alpha level of p = 0.005, men differed from women with respect to laryngeal appearance (larynx/pharynx ratio, compensatory adjustments, and the presence of omega and deviant-shaped epiglottises), and their vocal folds were rated thicker in the vertical dimension, smaller in the lateral dimension, longer, and more tense, with smaller amplitudes of excursion during vibration. Glottal closure in male subjects was rated more complete, but briefer in duration. Significant effects of the factors pitch, sound intensity, and age on vocal fold appearance and glottal functioning were ascertained. Awareness of the influence of these factors, as well as the factor gender, on the rated scales is essential for an adequate evaluation of laryngostroboscopic images.
为了确定性别、发声训练、声音强度、音高和衰老等因素对发声功能的影响，214名受试者的视频喉镜频闪图像根据性别和发声训练状态进行了细分，由三名评委使用标准化评分量表进行评估，该量表包括喉部外观（喉/咽比例；会厌形状；杓状软骨区域不对称；代偿性调整；声带的厚度、宽度、长度和弹性）和声门功能（振动幅度；声带闭合的持续时间、百分比和类型；相位差；声门裂隙位置）等方面。视频记录是在受试者执行一组发声任务时进行的，这些任务包括在三个基频和声音强度水平上发出元音/i/。对评分量表的分析表明评委之间总体上有足够的一致性。除了在受过训练的受试者中更频繁观察到声带振动的完全闭合和横向相位差外，未训练和受过训练的受试者之间没有发现进一步的差异。在α水平p = 0.005时，男性和女性在喉部外观（喉/咽比例、代偿性调整以及ω形和异常形状会厌的存在）方面存在差异，男性的声带在垂直维度上被评为更厚，在横向维度上更小，更长且更紧张，振动时的振动幅度更小。男性受试者的声门闭合被评为更完全，但持续时间更短。确定了音高、声音强度和年龄等因素对声带外观和声门功能有显著影响。了解这些因素以及性别因素对评分量表的影响对于充分评估喉镜频闪图像至关重要。
