Montiel G, Quadrelli S, Roncoroni A J, Rodenstein D
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Medicina (B Aires). 1996;56(1):85-96.
Non-invasive mechanical ventilation is useful in order to delay or avoid endotracheal intubation. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is helpful for patients with decreased lung compliance, airways obstruction due to vocal cord paralysis or tracheobronchomalacia, presence of auto-PEEP (positive end-expiratory pressure) and as a weaning method. Non-invasive intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) is not very different from conventional mechanical ventilation except for the absence of an endotracheal tube. It is specially useful in patients with neuromuscular diseases or central hypoventilation. It has been also helpful for patients with decrease of lung compliance or COPD and as a weaning procedure. It may be applied with or without PEEP and by means of a bi-level IPPV system. All of these methods require cooperative patients and by means of a bi-level IPPV system. All of these methods require cooperative patients and they do not allow an adequate management of increased respiratory secretions. Non-invasive mechanical ventilation has the advantages of not showing complications associated to endotraqueal intubation and may be performed by means of less expensive equipment.
无创机械通气有助于延迟或避免气管插管。持续气道正压通气（CPAP）对肺顺应性降低、因声带麻痹或气管支气管软化导致气道阻塞、存在内源性呼气末正压（PEEP）的患者以及作为撤机方法均有帮助。无创间歇正压通气（IPPV）与传统机械通气并无太大差异，只是没有气管插管。它对神经肌肉疾病或中枢性通气不足的患者特别有用。它对肺顺应性降低或慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者以及作为撤机程序也有帮助。它可在有或没有PEEP的情况下通过双水平IPPV系统应用。所有这些方法都需要患者配合，且通过双水平IPPV系统实施。所有这些方法都需要患者配合，并且它们无法充分处理呼吸道分泌物增加的情况。无创机械通气具有不出现与气管插管相关并发症的优点，并且可以通过成本较低的设备进行。
