Widdicombe J G
Department of Physiology, St George's Hospital Medical School, London, UK.
Clin Exp Allergy. 1996 May;26 Suppl 3:32-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00656.x.
The vascular beds, submucosal glands, and airway vasculature are the three primary effector tissues in the airways, and all are under the control of the parasympathetic (vagal) and sympathetic nervous systems. Parasympathetic nerves play a more important role in smooth muscle contraction and gland secretion. The complex neurogenic mechanisms initiated by activation of sensory nerves have been clarified to a large extent by studies on experimental animals. For example, inflammation or an allergic response will cause neurogenic inflammation due to axon reflexes; central nervous reflexes will modulate activity in all of the effector tissues; and these reflex responses will be modulated by local reflexes via parasympathetic ganglia. Similar mechanisms are suspected in humans, but their importance still needs to be fully established.
血管床、黏膜下腺和气道血管系统是气道中的三种主要效应组织，并且它们均受副交感（迷走）神经系统和交感神经系统的控制。副交感神经在平滑肌收缩和腺体分泌中发挥更重要的作用。通过对实验动物的研究，在很大程度上已阐明了由感觉神经激活引发的复杂神经源性机制。例如，炎症或过敏反应会由于轴突反射而导致神经源性炎症；中枢神经反射会调节所有效应组织的活动；并且这些反射反应会通过副交感神经节受到局部反射的调节。人类中也怀疑有类似机制，但其重要性仍有待充分证实。
