Batterman S A, Franzblau A, Zhou N
Environmental and Industrial Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-2029, USA.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1996;68(4):268-74. doi: 10.1007/BF00381439.
Dermal exposures of methanol were administered in a clinical study designed to compare several biological indicators. Four subjects were exposed in five exposure sessions of varying length. In each session, a sequence of measurements of methanol concentrations in blood, breath, and headspace samples of air at exposed and unexposed skin were collected before and after dermal exposures. Skin headspace samples, collected in gas sampling bags, were designed to reflect equilibrium skin: air partitioning. At exposed skin, headspace samples were highly elevated for at least 8 h following exposure, indicating the presence of a methanol reservoir in skin. After exposure, methanol concentrations at exposed skin showed a rapid initial decline, then a slower first-order decrease. Methanol concentrations were clearly detectable in headspace samples at unexposed skin. Substantial transfer from exposed skin occurred due to mechanical contact and washing. When transfer was restricted, surface concentrations at unexposed skin were similar to levels in breath and were strongly correlated to methanol concentrations in blood. While results are preliminary due to the small sample sizes and several unresolved experimental issues, the simple, rapid, and noninvasive skin headspace measurements appear useful as a biological exposure indicator that clearly shows the presence and site of a dermal exposure, and measurements at unexposed skin reflect concentrations in blood.
在一项旨在比较多种生物学指标的临床研究中，对甲醇进行了皮肤暴露实验。四名受试者接受了五次不同时长的暴露实验。在每次实验中，在皮肤暴露前后，收集暴露皮肤和未暴露皮肤处血液、呼出气体以及空气顶空样品中的甲醇浓度的一系列测量数据。收集在气体采样袋中的皮肤顶空样品旨在反映皮肤与空气的平衡分配情况。在暴露皮肤处，暴露后至少8小时内顶空样品中的甲醇浓度显著升高，表明皮肤中存在甲醇储存库。暴露后，暴露皮肤处的甲醇浓度起初迅速下降，随后呈较慢的一级下降。在未暴露皮肤处的顶空样品中也能明显检测到甲醇浓度。由于机械接触和清洗，甲醇从暴露皮肤处大量转移。当转移受到限制时，未暴露皮肤处的表面浓度与呼出气体中的浓度相似，且与血液中的甲醇浓度密切相关。尽管由于样本量小和一些未解决的实验问题，结果尚属初步，但简单、快速且无创的皮肤顶空测量似乎可作为一种生物学暴露指标，清晰显示皮肤暴露的存在及部位，而未暴露皮肤处的测量结果反映了血液中的浓度。
