Yates W R, Gerdes T T
University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, USA.
Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 1996 May;18(3):139-44. doi: 10.1016/0163-8343(96)00022-9.
Problem-based learning (PBL) is a method of instruction gaining increased attention and implementation in medical education. In PBL there is increased emphasis on the development of problem-solving skills, small group dynamics, and self-directed methods of education. A weekly PBL conference was started by a university consultation psychiatry team. One active consultation service problem was identified each week for study. Multiple computerized and library resources provided access to additional information for problem solving. After 1 year of the PBL conference, an evaluation was performed to determine the effectiveness of this approach. We reviewed the content of problems identified, and conducted a survey of conference participants. The most common types of problem categories identified for the conference were pharmacology of psychiatric and medical drugs (28%), mental status effects of medical illnesses (28%), consultation psychiatry process issues (20%), and diagnostic issues (13%). Computerized literature searches provided significant assistance for some problems and less for other problems. The PBL conference was ranked the highest of all the psychiatry resident educational formats. PBL appears to be a successful method for assisting in patient management and in resident and medical student psychiatry education.
基于问题的学习（PBL）是一种在医学教育中越来越受到关注并得到应用的教学方法。在PBL中，越来越强调解决问题的技能、小组互动以及自主学习方法的培养。一所大学的会诊精神病学团队启动了每周一次的PBL会议。每周确定一个活跃的会诊服务问题进行研究。多种计算机化资源和图书馆资源为解决问题提供了额外信息获取途径。PBL会议开展一年后，进行了一次评估以确定该方法的有效性。我们审查了所确定问题的内容，并对会议参与者进行了调查。会议确定的最常见问题类别是精神科和内科药物药理学（28%）、内科疾病的精神状态影响（28%）、会诊精神病学流程问题（20%）以及诊断问题（13%）。计算机化文献检索对一些问题提供了很大帮助，对其他问题的帮助则较少。PBL会议在所有精神病学住院医师教育形式中排名最高。PBL似乎是协助患者管理以及住院医师和医学生精神病学教育的一种成功方法。
