Alin Akerman B
Department of Special Education, Institute of Education, Stockholm, Sweden.
Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma). 1995;44(3-4):179-88.
This is a follow-up study of twins, including 33 twinpairs from the Stockholm area, aiming to study the cognitive development of twins at eight years of age. The twins have been followed at different ages from birth onwards. All children were tested with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children in a Swedish translation (WISC). The WISC test consists of a Verbal and a Performance Scale. There were no significant differences between twin girls and twin boys on these Scales. On the Performance subtests Block Design, Object Assembly, and Coding, however, the twin girls performed significantly better than the twin boys. In comparing cognitive development for twins and singletons, the twin group had somewhat lower average scores than the singletons. Prematurity and low birth weight continued to be related to cognitive development at eight years of age. Also at this age the school teacher completed a questionnaire about the twins social behaviour and some personality traits. There was a relation between one questionnaire factor, a low score of assertiveness, and the mother's negative or ambivalent expectations concerning the twin pregnancy. The twin group with the mother's negative expectations also had significantly lower results on the subtests Comprehension and Coding. Negative mothers had more premature twins than mothers who were positive toward the twin pregnancy.
这是一项对双胞胎的跟踪研究，其中包括来自斯德哥尔摩地区的33对双胞胎，旨在研究8岁双胞胎的认知发展。这些双胞胎从出生起就在不同年龄段接受跟踪。所有儿童都用瑞典语翻译版的韦氏儿童智力量表（WISC）进行了测试。WISC测试包括言语量表和操作量表。在这些量表上，双胞胎女孩和双胞胎男孩之间没有显著差异。然而，在操作分测验的积木图案、图形拼凑和译码测验中，双胞胎女孩的表现明显优于双胞胎男孩。在比较双胞胎和单胎的认知发展时，双胞胎组的平均分数略低于单胎。早产和低出生体重在8岁时仍与认知发展有关。也是在这个年龄，学校老师完成了一份关于双胞胎社交行为和一些性格特征的问卷。在一个问卷因素（即自信得分低）与母亲对双胞胎妊娠的消极或矛盾期望之间存在关联。母亲有消极期望的双胞胎组在理解和译码分测验中的成绩也显著较低。消极的母亲所生的早产双胞胎比积极看待双胞胎妊娠的母亲更多。
