Størkson R V, Kjørsvik A, Tjølsen A, Hole K
Department of Physiology, University of Bergen, Norway.
J Neurosci Methods. 1996 Apr;65(2):167-72. doi: 10.1016/0165-0270(95)00164-6.
The method commonly used for catheterization of the lumbar subarachnoid space in the rat implies inserting the catheter through the atlanto-occipital (A-O) membrane and moving the catheter caudally along the spinal cord. The method is associated with a considerable morbidity. A method for direct catheterization of the lumbar subarachnoid space was therefore developed. Major surgery was avoided by using a catheter-through-needle technique. Of 32 rats, none died. There were no signs of neurological disturbances, and all animals gained weight as normal the first week after implantation. Data from rats catheterized by the A-O method were used for comparison. Of 40 animals, 2 died, 11 showed signs of neurological disturbances, and the mean weight was reduced during the first week after catheterization. The two groups of animals showed different behavioural responses to intrathecal injection of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA, 0.1-1.6 mM, 15 microliters) which is thought to stimulate afferent pathways mediating nociception. Animals with a lumbar catheter showed licking, biting and scratching behaviour in a dose-related manner for concentrations up to 1.6 mM. The animals with A-O catheters showed a maximum level of this behaviour already at 0.4 mM, while 0.5 mM induced convulsions. A possible explanation of this difference in response to NMDA could be a long-lasting pain state in the A-O group, caused by catheter-induced changes in the spinal cord and by the extensive surgery. It is concluded that the direct lumbar catheterization has several advantages compared to the A-O method, decreasing the suffering of the animals, the neurological disturbances and the interference with nociceptive functions of the spinal cord.
大鼠腰蛛网膜下腔置管常用的方法是将导管经枕骨大孔膜插入，并沿脊髓向尾端移动导管。该方法的发病率相当高。因此，开发了一种直接腰蛛网膜下腔置管的方法。通过使用针内导管技术避免了大手术。32只大鼠无一死亡。没有神经功能障碍的迹象，所有动物在植入后的第一周体重正常增加。使用经枕骨大孔方法置管的大鼠数据作为对照。40只动物中，2只死亡，11只出现神经功能障碍迹象，置管后的第一周平均体重下降。两组动物对鞘内注射N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸（NMDA，0.1 - 1.6 mM，15微升）表现出不同的行为反应，NMDA被认为可刺激介导伤害感受的传入通路。腰段置管的动物在浓度高达1.6 mM时，表现出与剂量相关的舔舐、咬和抓挠行为。经枕骨大孔置管的动物在0.4 mM时就已表现出这种行为的最高水平，而0.5 mM会诱发惊厥。对NMDA反应差异的一种可能解释是，经枕骨大孔组存在长期疼痛状态，这是由导管引起的脊髓变化和广泛手术导致的。结论是，与经枕骨大孔方法相比，直接腰段置管有几个优点，可减少动物的痛苦、神经功能障碍以及对脊髓伤害感受功能的干扰。
