Zahm S H, Fraumeni J F
Division of Cancer Etiology, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Nov;103 Suppl 8(Suppl 8):283-6. doi: 10.1289/ehp.95103s8283.
There is no question that the risk of many cancers varies substantially by race, ethnic group, and gender. Although important clues to cancer etiology may come from investigating the differences in risk across subgroups of the population, epidemiologic research has often focused on white men. More descriptive and analytic studies are needed to identify and explain variations in risk among population subgroups. Especially important are studies to clarify the role of differential exposures, susceptibility, and diagnostic factors in cancer incidence, although differences in treatment may contribute to variations in cancer mortality. Improvements in classification of ethnicity, assessment of carcinogenic exposures in various subpopulations, and measures of host susceptibility states should augment future epidemiologic research designed to better understand mechanisms underlying the racial, ethnic, and gender differences in cancer risk.
毫无疑问，许多癌症的风险在种族、族裔群体和性别之间存在很大差异。虽然癌症病因的重要线索可能来自于调查人群亚组之间的风险差异，但流行病学研究往往集中在白人男性身上。需要更多的描述性和分析性研究来识别和解释人群亚组之间的风险差异。阐明差异暴露、易感性和诊断因素在癌症发病率中的作用的研究尤为重要，尽管治疗差异可能导致癌症死亡率的差异。种族分类的改进、不同亚人群致癌暴露的评估以及宿主易感性状态的测量，应加强未来旨在更好地理解癌症风险中种族、族裔和性别差异背后机制的流行病学研究。
