Specific impairments in self-regulation in children exposed to alcohol prenatally.

The present study utilizes a conceptual framework derived from theories of cognition to explain the pattern of behavioral and learning problems observed in subjects with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and fetal alcohol effects (FAE). Based on a modern interpretation of Luria's theory of self-regulation, this study used a neuropsychological test battery to compare 10 subjects (mean age = 13 years) having FAS/FAE with 10 control subjects (mean age = 12 years and 9 months). Subjects with FAS/FAE were relatively high functioning and did not significantly differ from controls with respect to receptive vocabulary. However, those with FAS/FAE exhibited greater difficulty than controls on tasks that involved the manipulation of information and goal management in working memory (e.g., Planning, Controlled Oral Word Association, etc). Both groups performed equally well on some tasks that demanded rule learning (Delayed Response) and response inhibition (Go-No-Go). The above impairments were interpreted to be reflective of selective rather than generalized disruptions of neural networks that subserve working memory.