Carcinoid of the pancreas: clinical characteristics and morphological features.

The classical carcinoid tumour (WHO) of the pancreas is extremely rare and its diagnosis may puzzle physicians and pathologists. Here, 29 previously published cases of pancreatic carcinoid tumours, including one new case, are reviewed. Literature research was done using MedLine from 1966 to 1995. Pancreatic carcinoids produce an atypical carcinoid syndrome. Skin flushing was reported in only 34%. The main symptom was pain, followed by diarrhoea and weight loss. Elevated urinary 5-HIAA levels were found in 85% (17/20). The immunocytochemical sensitivity for serotonin was 100% (11/11). The diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoid tumour is based on the typical endocrine histological features together with increased serotonin metabolism. Generally, the slow growth rate and late invasion of adjacent organs render local resection possible, but the high incidence of distant metastases (69%) prevents long-term survival in the majority of patients. The possible role of the Octreoscan, a new radionuclide imaging technique, is discussed with regard to this tumour entity.