Ackroff K, Sclafani A
Department of Psychology, Brooklyn College, City University of New York 11210, USA.
Am J Physiol. 1996 Jul;271(1 Pt 2):R48-54. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.1996.271.1.R48.
Orlistat (Ols), a potent inhibitor of pancreatic lipase, was added to the fat source (1 or 4 mg Ols/g fat) of a macronutrient self-selection diet fed to adult female rats. The rats responded to the drug-induced reduction in fat absorption by decreasing their dietary fat intake and increasing their protein and carbohydrate intake in a dose-related manner. Total caloric intake also increased, but body weight gain was inhibited compared with the nondrug control group. When Ols was removed from the diet, nutrient selection, caloric intake, and body weight returned to control levels. In additional short-term experiments (30 min/day), rats developed a preference for a plain fat diet over an Ols-fat diet (4 mg/g fat) and also for a cue flavor paired with plain fat over a flavor paired with Ols-fat. Yet, when not given the choice, the rats consumed nearly as much Ols-fat as plain fat diet. These results indicate that, by reducing fat absorption, Ols reduced the attractiveness of dietary fat, although it did not make the fat diet aversive. In clinical use, lipase inhibitors may be effective in reducing dietary fat intake by reducing both the consumption and absorption of fat.
奥利司他（Ols）是一种强效的胰脂肪酶抑制剂，被添加到成年雌性大鼠食用的常量营养素自选饮食的脂肪来源中（每克脂肪添加1或4毫克Ols）。大鼠通过以剂量相关的方式减少饮食中的脂肪摄入量并增加蛋白质和碳水化合物摄入量，来应对药物引起的脂肪吸收减少。总热量摄入也增加了，但与未用药的对照组相比，体重增加受到抑制。当从饮食中去除Ols时，营养选择、热量摄入和体重恢复到对照水平。在另外的短期实验（每天30分钟）中，大鼠对普通脂肪饮食的偏好超过了含Ols的脂肪饮食（每克脂肪含4毫克），并且对与普通脂肪配对的提示味道的偏好也超过了与含Ols的脂肪配对的味道。然而，当没有选择时，大鼠摄入的含Ols的脂肪几乎与普通脂肪饮食一样多。这些结果表明，通过减少脂肪吸收，Ols降低了饮食脂肪的吸引力，尽管它并没有使脂肪饮食变得令人厌恶。在临床应用中，脂肪酶抑制剂可能通过减少脂肪的消耗和吸收来有效降低饮食中的脂肪摄入量。
