Dutau G
Unité des Maladies Respiratoires et Allergiques de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, CHU Purpan, Toulouse.
Rev Pneumol Clin. 1996;52(2):111-6.
Asthma is the most frequent chronic disease in children. Its prevalence has increased over the last 20 years. In the newborn, the diagnosis can be retained after 3 episodes of whistling dyspnea. Asthma often appears following respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. In the child, asthma frequently accompanies allergy to airborne allergies. Adolescence, often a difficult period, carries the highest risk of severe episodes. A minimal asthma workup should be performed in all children with asthma including a search for an allergen and respiratory function tests. Asthma in childhood can be classed in different categories depending upon the nature of the allergen and the degree of bronchial obstruction. Recommended management has been the object of several consensus conferences and should include symptomatic treatment and prevention, adapted to the age of the child and the severity of the episodes. To be effective, preventive treatment must be given daily and for a long period.
哮喘是儿童中最常见的慢性疾病。在过去20年里其患病率有所上升。在新生儿中，出现3次喘息性呼吸困难发作后即可确诊。哮喘常继发于呼吸道合胞病毒细支气管炎之后。在儿童中，哮喘常伴有对空气传播过敏原的过敏反应。青春期往往是一个困难时期，发生严重发作的风险最高。所有哮喘患儿都应进行最低限度的哮喘检查，包括寻找过敏原和进行呼吸功能测试。儿童哮喘可根据过敏原的性质和支气管阻塞程度分为不同类别。推荐的治疗方法是多次共识会议的主题，应包括对症治疗和预防，要根据儿童年龄和发作严重程度进行调整。为取得疗效，预防性治疗必须每日进行且持续较长时间。
