Teff K L, Engelman K
Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
Am J Physiol. 1996 Jun;270(6 Pt 2):R1371-9. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.1996.270.6.R1371.
In animals, bypassing the oropharyngeal receptors by intragastric administration of glucose results in glucose intolerance. To determine whether the absence of oral sensory stimulation alters glucose tolerance in humans, we monitored plasma levels of glucose and hormones after intragastric administration of glucose, with and without subjects tasting food. Plasma glucose area under the curve (AUC) was significantly lower after oral sensory stimulation (3,433 +/- 783 vs. 5,643 +/- 1,397 mg.dl-1. 195 min-1; P < 0.03; n = 8). Insulin and C-peptide AUCs were higher during the first one-half of the sampling period (insulin, 5,771 +/- 910 vs. 4,295 +/- 712 microU. ml-1.75 min-1; P < 0.05; C-peptide, 86 +/- 10 vs. 66 +/- 9 ng.ml-1. 75 min-1; P < 0.03) and lower during the second one-half of the sampling period compared with the control condition (1,010 +/- 233 vs. 2,106 microU.ml-1. 120 min-1; P < 0.025; 31 +/- 8 vs. 56 +/- 18 ng.ml-1. 120 min-1; P < 0.05; insulin and C-peptide, respectively). Oral sensory stimulation markedly increased plasma glucagon compared with the control condition (1,258 +/- 621 vs. -2,181 +/- 522 pg.ml-1. 195 min-1; P < 0.002). These data provide evidence in humans that oral sensory stimulation influences glucose metabolism and suggest that the mechanisms elicited by this cephalic stimulation are necessary for normal glucose homeostasis.
在动物中，通过胃内给予葡萄糖绕过口咽感受器会导致葡萄糖不耐受。为了确定缺乏口腔感觉刺激是否会改变人类的葡萄糖耐量，我们在有或没有受试者品尝食物的情况下，监测了胃内给予葡萄糖后血浆葡萄糖和激素水平。口服感觉刺激后血浆葡萄糖曲线下面积（AUC）显著降低（3433±783 vs. 5643±1397 mg·dl⁻¹·195 min⁻¹；P<0.03；n = 8）。在采样期的前半段，胰岛素和C肽AUC较高（胰岛素，5771±910 vs. 4295±712 μU·ml⁻¹·75 min⁻¹；P<0.05；C肽，86±10 vs. 66±9 ng·ml⁻¹·75 min⁻¹；P<0.03），与对照条件相比，在采样期的后半段较低（1010±233 vs. 2106 μU·ml⁻¹·120 min⁻¹；P<0.025；31±8 vs. 56±18 ng·ml⁻¹·120 min⁻¹；P<0.05，分别为胰岛素和C肽）。与对照条件相比，口服感觉刺激显著增加了血浆胰高血糖素（1258±621 vs. -2181±522 pg·ml⁻¹·195 min⁻¹；P<0.002）。这些数据为人类提供了证据，表明口腔感觉刺激会影响葡萄糖代谢，并表明这种头部刺激引发的机制对于正常的葡萄糖稳态是必要的。
