Helbling A
Institut für Immunologie und Allergologie, Inselpital, Bern.
Praxis (Bern 1994). 1996 Aug 13;85(33):978-82.
Latex, a natural plant material, has gained increasing interest over the last years because of its allergenic potency inducing problems in medical professions as well as in daily life. Since 1979 reports on allergic spontaneous reactions induced by latex products (such as gloves, condoms, balloons, cofferdam) have increased steadily. Symptoms manifest clinically as contact urticaria, rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma or anaphylactic shock. Some of these patients may additionally have an alimentary allergy (avocado, banana, maron i.e.), possibly containing agents cross-reacting with latex. Pathophysiologically the allergy is IgE-mediated, because antigen-specific IgE antibodies have been found in vitro as well as in vivo. Health professionals, workers in gum manufacturing and individuals with spina bifida have been found to be at special risk for a latex allergy therefore, it is important that these persons at risk are recognized and occasionally tested prior to interventions or operations. Strict avoidance of the use of latex products is the primary preventive measure, which may occasionally be difficult, particularly in patients with respiratory diseases.
乳胶是一种天然植物材料，在过去几年中，因其在医疗行业以及日常生活中引发问题的致敏性，受到了越来越多的关注。自1979年以来，关于乳胶产品（如手套、避孕套、气球、围堰）引发过敏自发反应的报告稳步增加。症状在临床上表现为接触性荨麻疹、鼻结膜炎、哮喘或过敏性休克。这些患者中的一些人可能还患有食物过敏（如鳄梨、香蕉、栗子等），可能含有与乳胶发生交叉反应的物质。在病理生理学上，这种过敏是由IgE介导的，因为在体外和体内都发现了抗原特异性IgE抗体。已发现医疗专业人员、口香糖制造工人和脊柱裂患者特别容易患乳胶过敏，因此，重要的是在进行干预或手术之前识别出这些有风险的人，并偶尔进行检测。严格避免使用乳胶产品是主要的预防措施，但这有时可能很困难，尤其是对于患有呼吸系统疾病的患者。
