Daniels S R, Obarzanek E, Barton B A, Kimm S Y, Similo S L, Morrison J A
Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati,Ohio, USA.
J Pediatr. 1996 Aug;129(2):208-13. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(96)70244-5.
To evaluate racial differences in blood pressure in girls aged 9 to 10 years in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study (NGHS) and to evaluate the extent to which racial differences in blood pressure are explained by other factors, including sexual maturation and body size.
The NGHS enrolled 539 black and 616 white girls aged 9 years, and 674 black and 550 white girls aged 10 years. Racial differences in blood pressure were examined. Relationships of stage of sexual maturation, height, and skinfold thickness with systolic and diastolic blood pressure were evaluated by multiple regression analysis.
The black girls had significantly higher systolic (102.0 +/- 8.90 vs 100.5 +/- 9.42 mm Hg, p <0.001) and diastolic (58.0 +/- 12.0 vs 56.5 +/- 12.51 mm Hg, p <0.01) blood pressures than the white girls. The black girls were also more advanced in sexual maturation and were taller (142.9 +/- 7.94 vs 139.6 +/- 7.05, p <0.001) and heavier (39.6 +/- 11.24 vs 35.3 +/- 8.73 kg, p <0.001) than the white girls. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly correlated with level of maturation, height, weight, and sum of skinfolds. Stage of maturation was found to account for the difference in blood pressure between black girls and white girls. In a multiple regression analysis, controlling for height (for diastolic blood pressure) and for both height and sum of skinfolds (for systolic blood pressure) eliminated the effects of race and stage of maturation on blood pressure.
Racial differences in blood pressure were observed for 9- and 10-year-old girls and are explained by the fact that black girls were more mature than white girls. The effect of sexual maturation on blood pressure appears to operate through height and body fat. The effect of obesity may be more important for systolic than for diastolic blood pressure. Continuation of racial differences in blood pressure may result in a higher prevalence of hypertension for black women.
在国立心肺血液研究所生长与健康研究（NGHS）中评估9至10岁女孩血压的种族差异，并评估血压的种族差异在多大程度上可由包括性成熟和体型在内的其他因素来解释。
NGHS招募了539名9岁黑人女孩和616名9岁白人女孩，以及674名10岁黑人女孩和550名10岁白人女孩。研究了血压的种族差异。通过多元回归分析评估性成熟阶段、身高和皮褶厚度与收缩压和舒张压的关系。
黑人女孩的收缩压（102.0±8.90对100.5±9.42毫米汞柱，p<0.001）和舒张压（58.0±12.0对56.5±12.51毫米汞柱，p<0.01）显著高于白人女孩。黑人女孩在性成熟方面也更超前，并且比白人女孩更高（142.9±7.94对139.6±7.05，p<0.001）、更重（39.6±11.24对35.3±8.73千克，p<0.001）。收缩压和舒张压均与成熟水平、身高、体重和皮褶总和显著相关。发现成熟阶段可解释黑人女孩和白人女孩之间的血压差异。在多元回归分析中，控制身高（对于舒张压）以及身高和皮褶总和（对于收缩压）可消除种族和成熟阶段对血压的影响。
观察到9岁和10岁女孩存在血压的种族差异，这可由黑人女孩比白人女孩更成熟这一事实来解释。性成熟对血压的影响似乎通过身高和体脂起作用。肥胖对收缩压的影响可能比对舒张压的影响更重要。血压的种族差异持续存在可能导致黑人女性高血压患病率更高。
