Russom C L, Bradbury S P, Carlson A R
United States Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory-Duluth, Minnesota 55804, USA.
SAR QSAR Environ Res. 1995;4(2-3):83-95. doi: 10.1080/10629369508029906.
Ecological risk assessments can be used to establish the likelihood that an adverse effect will result from exposure to one or more chemicals. When evaluating contaminated sites with many chemicals present, risk assessors must grapple with the problem of quickly identifying the chemicals that are most likely to be of concern, based on effect and exposure assessment information. Many times data gaps exist and the risk assessor is left with decisions on which models to use to estimate the parameter of concern. In the present paper, a procedure is presented for ranking agrichemicals, utilizing the ASTER (ASsessment Tools for the Evaluation of Risk) system. The procedure was employed to rank the relative ecological risk of forty-nine pesticides historically used in agricultural sites in the Walnut Creek watershed near Ames, lowa, USA. Empirical data from the ASTER system were used when available in the associated databases, and quantitative structure-activity relationships and expert systems were invoked when data were lacking. Separate rankings were conducted based on major species taxonomic groupings. Resulting toxic effects thresholds were compared to surface water concentrations.
生态风险评估可用于确定接触一种或多种化学物质导致不良反应的可能性。在评估存在多种化学物质的受污染场地时，风险评估人员必须根据效应和暴露评估信息，应对快速识别最有可能令人担忧的化学物质这一问题。很多时候会存在数据缺口，风险评估人员只能决定使用哪些模型来估计相关参数。在本文中，介绍了一种利用ASTER（风险评估工具）系统对农用化学品进行排名的程序。该程序用于对美国爱荷华州埃姆斯附近核桃溪流域农业场地历史上使用的49种农药的相对生态风险进行排名。相关数据库中如有ASTER系统的经验数据则加以利用，数据缺乏时则调用定量构效关系和专家系统。根据主要物种分类组进行单独排名。将得出的毒性效应阈值与地表水浓度进行比较。
