Jalc D, Nerud F, Erbanová P, Siroka P
Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovak Republic.
Reprod Nutr Dev. 1996;36(3):263-70. doi: 10.1051/rnd:19960304.
This study evaluated three white-rot basidiomycetes for their potential to improve the ruminal degradation of wheat straw. Pleurotus ostreatus (PO), Pleurotus ostreatus-mutant (PO-M) and Trametes gibbosa (TG) were incubated on wheat straw for 30 days at 28 degrees C. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), crude protein and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) were determined. The results demonstrated increasing crude protein and ash contents (%) in the fungi-treated straws. The IVDMD values were also increased. Compared to untreated wheat straw (UWS), the NDF and ADF contents were reduced in fungi-treated straw (TWS). Out of the three fractions-hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin-hemicellulose showed the largest proportionate loss and lignin the smallest in all three fungi-treated straws. TWS with Pleurotus ostreatus (TWS-PO), Pleurotus ostreatus-mutant (TWS-PO-M) and Trametes gibbosa (TWS-TG) together with barley (80:20%) were used as the experimental diets in the artificial rumen. UWS with barley (80:20%) served as the control diet. The results revealed significantly higher IVDMD values, NDF, ADF and cellulose digestibilities (%) with the experimental diets. The production of propionic acid decreased, n-butyric, n-valeric and isovaleric acids (mmol/day-1) increased and the volatile fatty acid (VFA) production expressed in mol VFAs.kg-1 digested dry matter decreased in experimental diets. The total microbial production also decreased at fermentation in the experimental diets.
本研究评估了三种白腐担子菌提高小麦秸秆瘤胃降解率的潜力。将糙皮侧耳（PO）、糙皮侧耳突变体（PO-M）和栓菌（TG）在28℃下于小麦秸秆上培养30天。测定了中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、粗蛋白和体外干物质消化率（IVDMD）。结果表明，经真菌处理的秸秆中粗蛋白和灰分含量（%）增加。IVDMD值也有所提高。与未处理的小麦秸秆（UWS）相比，经真菌处理的秸秆（TWS）中NDF和ADF含量降低。在半纤维素、纤维素和木质素这三个组分中，在所有三种经真菌处理的秸秆中，半纤维素的损失比例最大，木质素的损失比例最小。将含有糙皮侧耳（TWS-PO）、糙皮侧耳突变体（TWS-PO-M）和栓菌（TWS-TG）的TWS与大麦（80:20%）一起用作人工瘤胃中的实验日粮。含有大麦（80:20%）的UWS用作对照日粮。结果显示，实验日粮的IVDMD值、NDF、ADF和纤维素消化率（%）显著更高。丙酸产量降低，正丁酸、正戊酸和异戊酸（mmol/天-1）增加，以每千克消化干物质中挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）的摩尔数表示的VFA产量在实验日粮中降低。实验日粮发酵时总微生物产量也降低。
