Klutse A, Baleux B
l'Ecole Inter-Etats d'Ingénieurs de l'Equipement Rural, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
Med Trop (Mars). 1996;56(1):41-7.
In subsaharan Africa wastewater purification to protect the health of the population could create stagnate water reservoirs for parasitic vectors such as snails which are intermediate hosts of bilharzia. Laboratory studies of the survival of Bulinus truncatus, an intermediate host of Schistosoma haematobium, and Biomphalaria pfeifferi, an intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni, in waste water purified in stabilization ponds showed that Biomphalaria pfeifferi thrives to dirty water (60 mg/l < or = COD < or = 1060 mg/l) while Bulinus truncatus survived only in slightly cleaner water (60 mg/l < or = COD < or = 200 mg/l). Field studies showed that Biomphalaria pfeifferi disappeared after 48 hours as compared to 25 days in the laboratory. In both laboratory and field studies Bulinus truncatus survived only 24 hours in raw waste water. The duration of survival grew longer as quality of the water improved. Temperature variations, high amounts of organic material in water, high oxygen content in water, and absence of plant-life are factors which could limit the development of the intermediate snail hosts (i.e. Bulinus truncatus and Biomphalaria pfeifferi) in the waste stabilization ponds of the Interstate School of Rural Equipment Engineers in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
在撒哈拉以南非洲地区，为保护民众健康而进行的废水净化可能会形成积水区域，成为蜗牛等寄生虫传播媒介的滋生地，而蜗牛是血吸虫病的中间宿主。对截形小泡螺（埃及血吸虫的中间宿主）和菲氏双脐螺（曼氏血吸虫的中间宿主）在稳定塘净化后的废水中存活情况的实验室研究表明，菲氏双脐螺在污水（化学需氧量60毫克/升≤化学需氧量≤1060毫克/升）中能大量繁殖，而截形小泡螺仅能在稍清洁的水中（化学需氧量60毫克/升≤化学需氧量≤200毫克/升）存活。实地研究表明，与实验室中25天的存活时间相比，菲氏双脐螺在48小时后消失。在实验室和实地研究中，截形小泡螺在原废水中仅存活24小时。随着水质改善，存活时间变长。温度变化、水中大量有机物质、水中高含氧量以及缺乏植物等因素，可能会限制布基纳法索瓦加杜古农村设备工程师州立学校废水稳定塘中蜗牛中间宿主（即截形小泡螺和菲氏双脐螺）的生长。
