Jerrard D A
Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland Emergency Medicine Residency, Baltimore 21201, USA.
Am J Emerg Med. 1996 Jul;14(4):429-33. doi: 10.1016/S0735-6757(96)90067-4.
Allergic reactions to insect stings are a common and sometimes serious medical problem. Although most reactions to stinging insects are mild, a pool of individuals in the general population has experienced or will manifest an anaphylactic reaction to stings. Concern has been heightened with the introduction of stinging species not indigenous to the United States which have a proclivity for stinging frequently. The emergency physician needs to understand the pathophysiology of insect sting anaphylaxis, recognize its onset, and formulate an appropriate pharmacological treatment plan. In addition, the emergency physician must instruct the patient on avoidance of insects and on outpatient use of epinephrine. For the patient who truly has had an anaphylactic event, referral to an allergist is imperative.
昆虫叮咬引起的过敏反应是一个常见且有时很严重的医学问题。虽然大多数对叮人昆虫的反应是轻微的，但普通人群中有一部分人已经经历过或将会出现对叮咬的过敏反应。随着非美国本土且频繁叮咬倾向的叮人昆虫种类的引入，人们的担忧加剧了。急诊医生需要了解昆虫叮咬过敏反应的病理生理学，识别其发作情况，并制定适当的药物治疗方案。此外，急诊医生必须指导患者如何避免接触昆虫以及如何在门诊使用肾上腺素。对于真正发生过过敏事件的患者，必须转诊给过敏症专科医生。
