Glaspole I, Douglass J, Czarny D, O'Hehir R
Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne.
Aust Fam Physician. 1997 Dec;26(12):1395-9, 1401.
Mortality secondary to insect sting anaphylaxis, though uncommon in this country, is a genuine risk to patients with venom hypersensitivity. A number of non specific and specific preventive measures are available to minimise this risk. They include proper patient counselling regarding sting avoidance and the use of self injectable adrenaline, as well as venom specific immunotherapy.
This article attempts to review the spectrum of insect sting reactions, their appropriate assessment and subsequent management. Anaphylaxis is particularly emphasised with regard to first aid treatment and subsequent prevention.
The most common causes of insect stings in Australia are bees and wasps. Insect sting reactions cover a spectrum of responses, from normal to anaphylactic. Immunotherapy is indicated in those patients who experience anaphylactic responses. The presence of venom specific IgE must be demonstrated before commencing immunotherapy. Venom sensitive patients should be educated in anaphylaxis first aid with adrenaline self injectable syringes.
尽管在本国因昆虫叮咬过敏反应导致的死亡并不常见，但对于毒液过敏患者来说却是真正的风险。有多种非特异性和特异性预防措施可将此风险降至最低。这些措施包括就避免叮咬和使用自动注射肾上腺素对患者进行适当的咨询，以及毒液特异性免疫疗法。
本文试图综述昆虫叮咬反应的范围、其适当评估及后续管理。特别强调了过敏反应的急救治疗和后续预防。
在澳大利亚，昆虫叮咬最常见的原因是蜜蜂和黄蜂。昆虫叮咬反应涵盖一系列反应，从正常反应到过敏反应。免疫疗法适用于那些经历过敏反应的患者。在开始免疫疗法之前必须证明存在毒液特异性IgE。应对毒液敏感患者进行使用肾上腺素自动注射器的过敏反应急救教育。
