Bannykh S I, Sesorova I S, Mironov A A, Mironov V A, Shishlo V K, Kolpakov V A, Mironov A A
Morfologiia. 1996;109(1):40-50.
The structure of ostial valves and valves located along the thoracic duct and of its branches ostial valves and right lymphatic duct ostial valves were studied in 30 experimental outbred dogs and 46 cats. Cryodestruction of thoracic duct was performed in 28 outbred cats. 1, 3, 7 and 14 days later perfusive fixation with intercellular borders impregnation was carried out with simultaneous examination of intact regions of intravalvular segments, cisterna chyli and area of thoracic duct trunks connection with valvular surfaces. Tissue organization in ageing was studied using the intervalvular segment of old animals. Specimens were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy and film preparations of endothelium. Valves, located along the thoracic duct length are bicuspid formations, while ostial ones are falciform and cuneiform respectively in 80 and 20%. Endotheliocytes of cuspids are characterized with high content of microfilaments bundles in the cytoplasm and low content of microvesicles. Cells of the valvular free margin cross the cuspid edge and have adaptive changes preventing their desquamation: fusiform shape, long basal processes and bundles of microfilaments in the cytoplasm. Peculiar "pericyte-like" cells alike with myofibroblasts lie deep in the cuspid thickness close to the sinusal venous side. Fascicles of the duct smooth myocytes reach the base of the valve. Besides, in the ostial valve stroma there is elastic membrane, better displayed along the cuspid venous side. Increased polymorphism and changes of the endotheliocytes metric characteristics were demonstrated in the zones of turbulent lymph flow. Analysis of the newly formed endothelium tissue mosaics allows to reveal mechanisms of monolayer repair: spreading and migration of endotheliocytes on the first day, their proliferation within three days, desquamation of newly formed endotheliocytes and spreading of adjacent cells on later stages.
在30只实验用杂种犬和46只猫中研究了开口瓣膜以及沿胸导管及其分支的瓣膜（开口瓣膜和右淋巴导管开口瓣膜）的结构。对28只杂种猫进行了胸导管冷冻破坏。在1、3、7和14天后进行灌注固定并使细胞边界浸染，同时检查瓣膜内段、乳糜池以及胸导管主干与瓣膜表面连接区域的完整部分。使用老年动物的瓣膜间段研究衰老过程中的组织结构。通过扫描电子显微镜和内皮细胞薄膜制剂对标本进行研究。沿胸导管长度分布的瓣膜为双叶结构，而开口瓣膜分别有80%为镰刀形和20%为楔形。瓣叶的内皮细胞特征为细胞质中微丝束含量高而微泡含量低。瓣膜游离缘的细胞穿过瓣叶边缘并具有适应性变化以防止其脱落：呈梭形、有长的基底突起且细胞质中有微丝束。类似肌成纤维细胞且奇特的“类周细胞”位于瓣叶厚度深处靠近窦状静脉侧。导管平滑肌细胞束延伸至瓣膜基部。此外，在开口瓣膜基质中有弹性膜，在瓣叶静脉侧显示得更清晰。在淋巴流紊乱区域显示出内皮细胞多态性增加和度量特征改变。对新形成的内皮细胞组织镶嵌体的分析揭示了单层修复机制：第一天内皮细胞的铺展和迁移，三天内其增殖，后期新形成的内皮细胞脱落以及相邻细胞的铺展。
