Listgarten M A
University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
Anat Rec. 1996 Jun;245(2):410-25. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0185(199606)245:2<410::AID-AR20>3.0.CO;2-R.
The last two decades have seen a remarkable growth in the development of dental implants and their incorporation into the practice of dentistry. This turn of events was made possible by an improved understanding of biological response of living tissues to implants as well as clinical trials that validated the long-term success of these implants. Despite major structural differences between teeth and implants, such as the absence of a periodontal ligament around implants, the latter appear to provide a reliable functional replacement for their natural counterparts. This review briefly summarizes the major structural differences of the interfacial region of teeth and dental implants and their supporting tissues. It focuses on our current understanding of the soft and hard tissue responses to submerged and nonsubmerged root-form dental implants. The influence of a number of factors that affect the tissue response is reviewed, including biomaterials, implant design, surgical technique, and the local microbiota. Our recently acquired ability to modulate wound healing with guided tissue regeneration and growth factors will undoubtedly play an important role in the future utilization and success rates of dental implants.
在过去二十年中，牙种植体的发展及其在牙科实践中的应用取得了显著增长。对活组织对种植体的生物学反应的深入理解以及验证这些种植体长期成功的临床试验，使得这一转变成为可能。尽管牙齿和种植体之间存在重大结构差异，例如种植体周围没有牙周韧带，但后者似乎为其天然对应物提供了可靠的功能替代。本文综述简要总结了牙齿和牙种植体界面区域及其支持组织的主要结构差异。重点关注我们目前对软组织和硬组织对潜入式和非潜入式根形牙种植体反应的理解。综述了影响组织反应的多种因素的影响，包括生物材料、种植体设计、手术技术和局部微生物群。我们最近获得的通过引导组织再生和生长因子调节伤口愈合的能力，无疑将在牙种植体的未来应用和成功率中发挥重要作用。
