Brown L F, Reynolds C F, Monk T H, Prigerson H G, Dew M A, Houck P R, Mazumdar S, Buysse D J, Hoch C C, Kupfer D J
Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA 15213-2593, USA.
Psychiatry Res. 1996 May 17;62(2):161-9. doi: 10.1016/0165-1781(96)02914-9.
The aim of this study was to investigate changes in social rhythm stability and sleep in spousally bereaved subjects (n = 94) and in nonbereaved elderly control subjects (n = 45). Social rhythm stability and activity level were measured with a diary-like instrument, the Social Rhythm Metric (SRM). We observed that spousal bereavement, per se, was not associated with a lower social rhythm stability or activity level except in the presence of a major depressive episode. We also observed an inverse correlation between severity of depression and social rhythm stability, and a positive correlation between depression and both subjective and objective measures of sleep impairment. Higher social rhythm stability was correlated with better sleep in subjects with high activity levels, but not in subjects with low activity levels. Longitudinal data, including pre-bereavement assessment of social rhythm stability, are necessary to ascertain directional effects, i.e., whether loss of spouse occasions disruption of social rhythms or whether such disruption precedes sleep impairment and depression.
本研究的目的是调查丧偶者（n = 94）和未丧偶老年对照者（n = 45）的社会节律稳定性和睡眠变化。使用类似日记的工具社会节律度量法（SRM）来测量社会节律稳定性和活动水平。我们观察到，仅丧偶本身与较低的社会节律稳定性或活动水平无关，除非存在重度抑郁发作。我们还观察到抑郁严重程度与社会节律稳定性呈负相关，抑郁与主观和客观睡眠障碍指标呈正相关。在高活动水平的受试者中，较高的社会节律稳定性与较好的睡眠相关，但在低活动水平的受试者中并非如此。包括丧偶前社会节律稳定性评估在内的纵向数据对于确定方向性影响是必要的，即丧偶是否会导致社会节律紊乱，或者这种紊乱是否先于睡眠障碍和抑郁出现。
