Slade P D
Psychol Med. 1977 May;7(2):245-52. doi: 10.1017/s0033291700029329.
Two alternative explanations of the body-image abnormality in anorexia nervosa patients are outlined: namely, the 'abnormal sensitivity' and 'adaptational failure' hypotheses. Evidence relating to these 2 conflicting hypotheses was obtained from body-perception measurements carried out on groups of pregnant women. In the first study 40 pregnant women, at approximately 4 month's duration, were found to overestimate their bodily dimensions, albeit to a lesser extent than the previously tested group of anorexia nervosa patients (Slade & Russell, 1973a). When they were subdivided on the basis of a history of weight change over the previous 12 months, the 'stable weight' subgroup was found to overestimate significantly more than the 'weight gain' and 'weight loss' subgroups. In a second study 16 of the original group of pregnant women were retested at approximately 8 month's duration. Although their weight and bodily dimensions had increased on retesting, their tendency to overestimate was found to be significantly reduced. It was concluded that the phenomenon of body-image disorder is not specific to anorexia nervosa, extending not only to patients with obesity and to some normal women, but also to women during pregnancy. Moreover, the 'abnormal sensitivity' hypothesis was considered to fit these and other recently accumulated data better than the alternative 'adaptational failure' hypothesis. Some of the theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
即“异常敏感”假说和“适应失败”假说。通过对孕妇群体进行身体感知测量，获得了与这两种相互矛盾的假说相关的证据。在第一项研究中，发现40名怀孕约4个月的孕妇高估了自己的身体尺寸，尽管程度低于先前测试的神经性厌食症患者群体（斯莱德和拉塞尔，1973年a）。当根据她们在过去12个月的体重变化史进行细分时，发现“体重稳定”亚组的高估程度明显高于“体重增加”亚组和“体重减轻”亚组。在第二项研究中，对最初的16名孕妇在怀孕约8个月时进行了重新测试。尽管再次测试时她们的体重和身体尺寸有所增加，但发现她们高估的倾向明显降低。得出的结论是，身体意象障碍现象并非神经性厌食症所特有，不仅肥胖患者和一些正常女性存在，孕妇也存在。此外，“异常敏感”假说被认为比另一种“适应失败”假说更符合这些以及最近积累的其他数据。讨论了这些发现的一些理论和临床意义。
