Goetz C G, Pappert E J
Rush Medical College, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
Ann Neurol. 1996 Aug;40(2):258-63. doi: 10.1002/ana.410400222.
American universities recognized and institutionalized the emerging importance of neuroscience in medicine by establishing neurological professorships as early as the 1860s. Nearly 20 years before Charcot assumed his celebrated chaired professorship for Diseases of the Nervous System in France, Harvard University created a professorship of Physiology and Pathology of the Nervous System (1864), naming Brown-Sequard as its recipient. In 1867, the new Bellevue Hospital Medical School established a combined neurology/psychiatry chair with William A. Hammond as professor, and the University of Pennsylvania created a clinical professorship devoted specifically to neurology in 1875, naming Horatio C. Wood. Although modest in their university power base and their clinical research/laboratory programs, these American posts were internationally unique for their time and solidly entrenched neurology as a specific division in early US medical education.
早在19世纪60年代，美国大学就通过设立神经学教授职位，认识到神经科学在医学中日益重要的地位并将其制度化。早在夏科在法国担任著名的神经系统疾病讲座教授近20年前，哈佛大学就设立了神经系统生理学和病理学教授职位（1864年），任命布朗 - 塞卡尔为该职位获得者。1867年，新成立的贝莱维医院医学院设立了一个神经学/精神病学联合教授职位，威廉·A·哈蒙德担任教授，宾夕法尼亚大学于1875年设立了一个专门致力于神经学的临床教授职位，任命霍雷肖·C·伍德担任。尽管这些美国职位在大学的权力基础以及临床研究/实验室项目方面规模不大，但在当时的国际上却是独一无二的，并且将神经学稳固地确立为美国早期医学教育中的一个特定分支。
